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. 2018 Jul-Aug;11(4):260–268. doi: 10.5935/1984-0063.20180041

Table 5.

Substance use at least once in the last month by questionnaire score*.

Variable PSQI p-value Epworth p-value Berlin p-value
<5 >5 <10 >10 Low High  
Tobacco 14 (14) 42 (21) 0.1187 26 (16) 60 (20) 0.3807 88 (18) 15 (28) 0.1052
Alcohol 77 (79) 145 (77) 0.7639 123 (78) 226 (78) 0.9055 357 (78) 45 (86) 0.2079
Binge drink 30 (29) 79 (40) 0.0757 50 (31) 121 (40) 0.0682 176 (37) 21 (40) 0.7662
Energy drinks 18 (17) 72 (37) 0.002** 42 (26) 101 (34) 0.0730 142 (30) 24 (47) 0.0260
Marihuana 6 (6) 21 (11) 0.2046 16 (10) 28 (9) 0.8691 41 (9) 11 (21) 0.0112
Cocaine - 2 (1) 0.5461 - 2 (1) 0.5432 4 (1) - 0.9999
Stimulants+ - 6 (3) 0.964 3 (2) 8 (3) 0.7542 10 (2) 2 (4) 0.3344
Tranquilizers+ - 4 (2) 0.3022 3 (2) 6 (2) 0.9999 11 (2) - 0.6136
*

Values were calculated on available questionnaires for both variables.

**

Significant after Bonferroni's correction

+

Stimulants includes Methylphenidate - Ritalin, Methamphetamine - "Meth"; Tranquilizers includes Diazepam, Lorazepam, Alprazolam, Clonazepam, etc.

Abbreviations: PSQI Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; ESS Epworth Sleepiness Scale; BQ Berlin Questionnaire; ND No data.