Figure 1.

Study flow chart. All hospital admissions are screened for eligibility for the observational cohort and enteropathy substudy, with procedures undertaken as shown in the flow chart during hospitalisation and post discharge. Well-nourished children from outpatient clinics and the community meeting eligibility criteria as well-nourished controls are enrolled and undergo a single baseline assessment as shown. The immunology, microbiota and metabolomics substudies enrol children as shown. All children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM), regardless of which arm of the study they are enrolled into, are followed for 48 weeks post discharge. ¹The immunology substudy started from 1 June 2017 and required children to have a blood sample >2 mL to conduct cellular assays. LM, lactulose-mannitol; WHZ, weight-for-height Z-score.