TABLE 3.
Clinical Findings of Increased ICP Among 56 Children With Raised ICP
| No. Children | |
|---|---|
| Direct measurement of ICP | 19 |
| CSF shunt manometry | 9 |
| Intraventricular monitor | 9 |
| Method unknown | 1 |
| Clinical criteria | 53 |
| Vomiting | 27 |
| Lethargy and/or drowsiness | 19 |
| Tense fontanelle or splayed sutures | 18 |
| Headache | 9 |
| Sunsetting of eyes | 9 |
| Papilledema | 9 |
| Cranial nerve VI palsy | 1 |
| Other clinical signs of increased ICP | |
| CSF egress | 8a |
| Increased head circumference | 8a |
| Irritability and/or fussing | 5 |
| Paresthesias and/or weakness of the extremities | 4a |
| Decreased oral intake | 3 |
| Decreased gross motor skills | 1 |
| Progressive loss of balance | 1 |
| Head tilt | 1 |
| Gaze abnormalities | 1 |
| Seizures | 1 |
| Estimated length of time ICP elevated | |
| Hours | 4 |
| Days | 17 |
| Weeks | 27 |
| Uncertain | 8 |
Patients may have qualified for a diagnosis of increased ICP on the basis of both clinical criteria and/or direct measurement.
a
In 3 patients, the specified clinical sign was noted to be the only indicator of increased ICP.