TABLE 2.

The Association Between Bifidobacterium Abundance During Early Infancy (Mean of 6, 11, and 15 Weeks of Age) and Vaccine-Specific CD4 T-Cell SI, DTH Skin Test Response, and Antibody Responses

	Regression Model		Average Bifidobacterium Abundance
	R2	P	β (SE)	P
BCG
6 wk
CD4+ T-cell SIa,b	0.0859	.019	.144 (0.145)	.32
15 wk
CD4+ T-cell SI	0.0590	.021	.668 (0.214)	<.01
Skin test area, cm2	0.0201	.34	.427 (0.362)	.24
2 y
CD4+ T-cell SIa,c	0.0883	<.01	.451 (0.221)	.043
TT
15 wk
CD4+ T-cell SIc	0.0514	.037	.371 (0.131)	<.01
ALS IgG, mIU/mL	0.0166	.49	.408 (0.249)	.10
2 y
CD4+ T-cell SI	0.0453	.17	.465 (0.222)	.038
Plasma IgG, IU/mL	0.0402	.076	.378 (0.161)	.020
Plasma IgG AI	0.0117	.72	.00523 (0.0404)	.90
HBV
15 wk
CD4+ T-cell SIa	0.0530	.042	1.09 (0.429)	.012
ALS IgG, mIU/mLc	0.0471	.19	−.00162 (0.0119)	.89
2 y
CD4+ T-cell SI	0.0150	.77	.218 (0.202)	.28
Plasma IgG, IU/mL	0.0228	.35	−.398 (0.233)	.088
Plasma IgG AId	0.0285	.22	−.00723 (0.0599)	.90
Polio
15 wk
ALS polio IgG, mIU/mLc	0.0334	.11	−4.03e−7 (2.89e−7)	.16
2 y
Plasma polio1 IgG, IU/mL	0.0138	.64	−.0117 (0.168)	.95
Plasma polio2 IgG, IU/mL	0.00802	.85	−.0163 (0.153)	.92
Plasma polio3 IgG, IU/mL	0.0156	.57	.155 (0.154)	.32
Plasma polio1 IgA, IU/mL	0.0211	.39	.144 (0.197)	.47
Plasma polio2 IgA, IU/mL	0.0150	.60	.111 (0.183)	.55
Plasma polio3 IgA, IU/mLd	0.0349	.12	.307 (0.212)	.15
Stool polio1 IgA, IU/g protein	0.0352	.21	.842 (0.326)	.011
Stool polio2 IgA, IU/g protein	0.0303	.31	.752 (0.311)	.016
Stool polio3 IgA, IU/g protein	0.0394	.16	.974 (0.356)	<.01
Plasma polio IgG AI	0.0317	.17	.123 (0.0595)	.039
Plasma polio IgA AI	0.00162	.9955	.0167 (0.0522)	.75
SEB
6 wk
CD4+ T-cell SIa,b	0.112	<.01	.253 (0.163)	.12
15 wk
CD4+ T-cell SIc	0.0629	.037	.523 (0.230)	.024
2 y
CD4+ T-cell SId	0.0646	.046	.397 (0.231)	.088

Association between infant’s Bifibacterium abundance and 6 wk vaccine response was analyzed by using genus Bifibacterium abundance at 6 wk of age. Association between infant’s Bifibacterium and 15 wk and 2 y analysis were done on mean genus Bifibacterium abundance at 6 wk, 11 wk, and 15 wk of age. The regression models were adjusted with sex, treatment group, birth weight, and type of delivery. Stool antibody models were additionally adjusted for breastfeed status at 2 y of age.

^aVaccine response was significantly different between boys and girls.

^bVaccine response was significantly different between treatment groups.

^cVaccine response was significantly different between normal and cesarean delivery.

^dVaccine response was significantly different between below and above birth weight median.