TABLE 2.

Comparison of Mean IQ and Achievement Scores in Children With and Without PPB

Test and Scale	Controls		Children With PPB		Children With PPB Versus Controls
					Unadjusted					Adjusteda
	N	Mean (SD)	N	Mean (SD)	Mean Difference	95% CI		ES	P	Mean Difference	95% CI		ES	P
DAS-2
GCA	140	106.9 (11.9)	179	103.5 (12.9)	−3.46	−6.18	−0.74	−0.28	.01	−4.26	−6.89	−1.63	−0.38	.002
Nonverbal reasoning	140	104.4 (14.0)	179	101.2 (13.6)	−3.23	−6.28	−0.19	−0.24	.04	−4.00	−7.03	−0.97	−0.31	.01
Spatial	140	105.7 (10.9)	179	104.2 (12.3)	−1.55	−4.10	1.01	−0.13	.24	−2.19	−4.73	0.34	−0.20	.09
Processing speed	140	101.7 (12.5)	177	102.4 (13.1)	0.64	−2.20	3.47	0.05	.66	0.53	−2.41	3.47	0.04	.72
Verbal	140	107.4 (12.9)	179	103.5 (13.1)	−3.94	−6.82	−1.06	−0.30	.01	−4.66	−7.51	−1.81	−0.38	.001
Working memory	140	104.0 (11.1)	179	101.2 (11.0)	−2.86	−5.31	−0.41	−0.26	.02	−3.33	−5.74	−0.93	−0.32	.01
WIAT-3
Mathematics	140	106.4 (15.5)	176	104.9 (15.4)	−1.44	−4.88	2.00	−0.09	.41	−2.75	−6.14	0.63	−0.19	.11
Total reading	137	107.4 (15.7)	171	104.9 (13.1)	−2.51	−5.97	0.96	−0.16	.16	−3.19	−6.47	0.10	−0.22	.06
Written expression	139	101.6 (14.8)	169	99.6 (15.1)	−2.02	−5.32	1.27	−0.14	.23	−2.29	−5.50	0.92	−0.17	.16

^aAdjusted for sex, SES (continuous), race (white or people of color), age in months (continuous).