Table 3.

Differences in Demographic, Anthropometric, Pain, and Trigger Point Sensitivity Data between the Cervicogenic and Non-Cervicogenic Headache Groups

Data	t	df	p-value	Mean (SE) difference	95% CI of difference	Effect size (Cohen's d)
Age, y	−1.81	38.00	0.08	−4.75 (2.62)	−10.06, 0.56	0.57
BMI, kg/m2	0.90	38.00	0.37	1.71 (1.90)	−2.13, 5.56	0.28
Duration of headache, mo	0.16	38.00	0.88	1.95 (12.45)	−23.25, 27.15	0.05
NPRS (out of 10)	1.59	38.00	0.12	0.65 (0.41)	−0.18, 1.48	0.50
HDI
Functional score (out of 48)	−0.72	38.00	0.48	−2.50 (3.47)	−9.52, 4.52	0.23
Emotional score (out of 52)	−0.14	38.00	0.89	−0.50 (3.67)	−7.93, 6.93	0.43
Total score (out of 100)	−0.45	38.00	0.66	−3.00 (6.73)	−16.63, 10.63	0.14
Muscle, kg/m2
Right upper trapezius	−2.95	28.48	0.006	−0.82 (0.28)	−1.39, –0.25	0.96
Right sternocleidomastoid	0.26	22.00	0.80	0.04 (0.15)	−0.28, 0.36	0.12
Right temporalis	−1.28	15.20	0.22	−0.25 (0.20)	−0.67, 0.17	0.49
Right posterior cervical muscles	−0.54	33.00	0.59	−0.08 (0.15)	−0.39, 0.22	0.20
Left upper trapezius	−3.24	24.56	0.003	−0.96 (0.30)	−1.57, –0.35	1.06
Left sternocleidomastoid	1.05	12.00	0.31	0.14 (0.13)	−0.15, 0.42	0.54
Left temporalis	−1.44	17.91	0.17	−0.34 (0.24)	−0.84, 0.16	0.52
Left posterior cervical muscles	−1.11	35.00	0.28	−0.18 (0.16)	−0.51, 0.15	0.36

NPRS=numerical pain rating scale; HDI=Henry Ford Hospital Headache Disability Inventory.