Table 2:

Associations of polygenic risk score for schizophrenia with being born in the capital and living in the capital at age 15, compared to being born or living in rural areas

	Place of birth
	Capital N (%)	Rural areas1 N (%)	Model 12 OR (95% CI)	Model 23 OR (95% CI)	Model 34 OR (95% CI)
Polygenic risk score5, mean (SD)	0.06 (0.89)	-0.18 (0.85)	1.14 (1.00,1.31)	1.10 (0.95,1.26)	1.09 (0.95,1.26)
Parental history of mental disorders
Schizophrenia or bipolar disorder	32 (7.75)	34 (2.99)	2.81 (1.68,4.68)	2.75 (1.57,4.81)	2.78 (1.58,4.91)
Other mental disorders	83 (20.10)	171 (15.01)	1.58 (1.17,2.12)	1.59 (1.17,2.16)	1.55 (1.13,2.12)
No diagnosis of mental disorders	298 (72.15)	934 (82.00)	1.00 Ref	1.00 Ref	1.00 Ref
Place of residence at age 156
	Capital N (%)	Rural areas1 N (%)	Model 1 OR (95% CI)	Model 2 OR (95% CI)	Model 3 OR (95% CI)
Polygenic risk score5, mean (SD)	0.13 (0.91)	-0.19 (0.84)	1.24 (1.06,1.46)	1.20 (1.02,1.41)	1.19 (1.01,1.40)
Parental history of mental disorders
Schizophrenia or bipolar disorder	17 (6.14)	45 (3.71)	1.90 (1.05,3.42)	1.86 (1.00,3.45)	1.90 (1.02,3.53)
Other mental disorders	67 (24.19)	189 (15.57)	1.79 (1.30,2.47)	1.73 (1.24,2.42)	1.71 (1.21,2.41)
No diagnosis of mental disorders	193 (69.68)	980 (80.72)	1.00 Ref	1.00 Ref	1.00 Ref

Note: Analysis includes only those residing in the lowest and highest levels of urbanicity at either birth or age 15.

¹Municipalities in Denmark where largest town has less than 10,000 inhabitants.

²Model 1: Adjusted for sex, age, year of birth, and the first 10 principal components.

³Model 2: Model 1, plus polygenic risk score and parental history of mental disorder are adjusted for one another.

⁴Model 3: Model 2 additionally adjusted for parental place of birth and paternal age at childbirth.

⁵Normalized to the sample

⁶Only those aged 15 or older at the time of matching are considered for the analysis with place of residence at age 15.