Table 3:
Associations of urbanicity at birth and during upbringing with the risk of schizophrenia under different adjustments.
| Model 11 IRR (95% CI) |
Model 22 IRR (95% CI) |
Model 33 IRR (95% CI) |
Model 44 IRR (95% CI) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Urbanicity at birth5 | ||||
| Capital (Copenhagen) | 1.67 (1.31,2.15) | 1.67 (1.29,2.17) | 1.54 (1.18,2.02) | 1.51 (1.16,1.98) |
| Suburb of the capital | 1.38 (1.10,1.73) | 1.35 (1.08,1.71) | 1.25 (0.99,1.59) | 1.25 (0.98,1.59) |
| Provincial cities | 1.18 (0.93,1.50) | 1.16 (0.91,1.50) | 1.17 (0.91,1.52) | 1.17 (0.90,1.52) |
| Provincial towns | 1.28 (1.06,1.54) | 1.31 (1.08,1.60) | 1.28 (1.05,1.56) | 1.26 (1.03,1.54) |
| Rural areas | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| Urbanicity at age 156 | ||||
| Capital (Copenhagen) | 1.58 (1.20,2.09) | 1.47 (1.10,1.97) | 1.32 (0.97,1.78) | 1.30 (0.96,1.77) |
| Suburb of the capital | 1.10 (0.88,1.38) | 1.07 (0.85,1.36) | 1.01 (0.79,1.28) | 0.99 (0.78,1.27) |
| Provincial cities | 1.08 (0.84,1.40) | 1.02 (0.79,1.33) | 0.96 (0.73,1.26) | 0.97 (0.73,1.27) |
| Provincial towns | 1.20 (1.00,1.44) | 1.19 (0.98,1.43) | 1.15 (0.94,1.39) | 1.13 (0.93,1.38) |
| Rural areas | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
Model 1: Adjusted for sex, age and date of birth by design.
Model 2: Model 1 additionally adjusted for the polygenic risk score and the first 10 principal components
Model 3: Model 2 additionally adjusted for parental history of mental disorders.
Model 4: Model 3 additionally adjusted for parental place of birth and paternal age at childbirth.
Provincial cities = municipalities having a town with more than 100,000 inhabitants; provincial towns= municipalities having a town with between 10,000 and 100,000 inhabitants; rural areas= other municipalities in Denmark (largest town has less than 10,000 inhabitants).
Only includes pairs whose date of matching (case onset) is after the 15th birthday (1,456 pairs).