Table 2.
Summary of p values for all statistical analysis on the slip recovery outcomes, the proactive and reactive dynamic stability, pre-step length, absolute center of mass (COM) velocity, base of support (BOS) velocity at recovery foot lift off, and BOS displacement from slipping foot touch down to recovery foot lift off.
| Groups |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tc (N=73) |
Tt (N=73) |
Oc (N=103) |
Ot (N=109) |
||||||
| Mean | (SD) | Mean | (SD) | Mean | (SD) | Mean | (SD) | p value |
|
| Slip recovery outcomes (%) | |||||||||
| Fall | 44d,e | 10c | 54a,b | 0 | < .001 | ||||
| Backward balance loss | 49d,e | 77c | 46a,b | 6 | < .001 | ||||
| Full recovery | 7d,e | 14c | 0a,b | 94 | < .001 | ||||
| Dynamic gait stability | |||||||||
| Proactive stability control at slipping (right) foot touch down | |||||||||
| Stability | −.12d,f | .06 | −.08d,f | .07 | −.15b | .05 | −.11 | .06 | < .001 |
| Relative PCOM | −.72d,f | .21 | −.63d,f | .18 | −.77b | .18 | −.66 | .19 | < .001 |
| Relative VCOM | .24 | .05 | .25 | .05 | .23 | .05 | .24 | .06 | .642 |
| Pre-slip step length (m) | .33e | .06 | .32c | .05 | .32b | .05 | .29 | .10 | < .001 |
| Reactive stability control at recovery (left) foot lift off | |||||||||
| Stability | −.24d,e | .18 | −.12a,c | .16 | −.29b | .17 | .10 | .10 | < .001 |
| Relative PCOM | −.44d,e | .21 | −.28a,c | .18 | −.50b | .25 | −.11 | .19 | < .001 |
| Relative VCOM | −.01d,e | .12 | .05a,c | −.10 | −.03b | −.11 | .20 | .07 | < .001 |
| Absolute VCOM (m/s) | 1.09 | .25 | 1.12 | .27 | 1.04 | .29 | 1.09 | .27 | .495 |
| Base of support (slip) velocity (m/s) | 1.12 | .44 | .90 | .44 | 1.15 | .49 | .29 | .25 | < .001 |
| Slip severity | |||||||||
| Base of support (slip) displacement from slipping foot touch down to recovery foot lift off (m) | |||||||||
| .09d,e | .05 | .07a,c | .04 | .12b | .16 | .03 | .03 | < .001 | |
Tc = Treadmill-control group, Tt = Treadmill-slip-training group, Oc = Over-ground-control group, Ot = Over-ground-training group; SD = Standard deviation; TUG: The Timed Up and Go test
Between Oc and Tt, p < 0.05;
Between Oc and Ot, p < 0.05;
Between Tt and Ot, p < 0.05;
Between Tc and Tt, p < 0.05;
Between Tc and Ot, p < 0.05;
Between Tc and Oc, p < 0.05 Two places past the decimal were given for all the variables except for slip recovery outcomes which were rounded to two digits.