Table 1.

Clinical characteristics of the patients in this study at DCCT baseline and at the end of DCCT

Characteristic	DCCT baseline (1983–1989)		P value	DCCT closeout (1993)		P value
Characteristic	HbA1c ≤7.0% (n=83)	HbA1c ≥9.0% (n=83)	P value	HbA1c ≤7.0% (n=83)	HbA1c ≥9.0% (n=83)	P value
Age, yr	28±6	26±7	0.03	34±6	32±7	0.04
Male sex (%)	46 (55)	46 (55)	1.00	46 (55)	46 (55)	1.00
Diabetes duration, yr	2.5±1.2	2.5±1.4	0.86	7.8±1.9	7.9±2.3	0.63
HbA1c, %	8.0±1.2	9.1±1.4	<0.001	6.5±0.3	10.0±0.7	<0.001
Current smoker, (%)	13 (16)	14 (17)	0.83	10 (12)	15 (18)	0.26
Body-mass index, kg/m²	23.1±2.5	24.0±2.8	0.03	25.3±3.0	25.4±3.2	0.84
Blood pressure, mm Hg
Systolic	114±12	114±11	0.89	114±11	116±11	0.16
Diastolic	72±8	73±9	0.43	73±9	75±8	0.09
Hypertension, (%)^*	0	0		4 (5)	1 (1)	0.17
Lipids
HDL cholesterol, mg/dl	52±13	52±13	0.91	52±13	53±13	0.61
LDL cholesterol, mg/dl	111±33	108±28	0.47	110±25	114±28	0.36
Total cholesterol, mg/dl	176±36	173±33	0.58	177±28	184±33	0.16
Triglycerides, mg/dl	68±25	69±25	0.74	75±38	83±50	0.22
Hyperlipidemia, (%)^†	0	0		16 (19)	21 (26)	0.33
Microalbuminuria, AER (%)^‡
30 to <300 mg/24 hours	0	0		1 (1)	4 (5)	0.17

Plus-minus values are means ±SD. HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; AER, albumin excretion rate.

Hypertension, as defined by systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg and a diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg, documented hypertension, or the use of antihypertensive agents⁸.

^†

Hyperlipidemia, as defined by LDL cholesterol levels ≥130 mg/dL (3.4 mmol/L) or the use of lipid-lowering agents⁸.

^‡

Microalbuminuria, as defined by AER 30 to <300 mg/24 hours on two consecutive occasions²⁵