Table 1.
Characteristic | DCCT baseline (1983–1989) | P value | DCCT closeout (1993) | P value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HbA1c ≤7.0% (n=83) |
HbA1c ≥9.0% (n=83) |
HbA1c ≤7.0% (n=83) |
HbA1c ≥9.0% (n=83) |
|||
Age, yr | 28±6 | 26±7 | 0.03 | 34±6 | 32±7 | 0.04 |
Male sex (%) | 46 (55) | 46 (55) | 1.00 | 46 (55) | 46 (55) | 1.00 |
Diabetes duration, yr | 2.5±1.2 | 2.5±1.4 | 0.86 | 7.8±1.9 | 7.9±2.3 | 0.63 |
HbA1c, % | 8.0±1.2 | 9.1±1.4 | <0.001 | 6.5±0.3 | 10.0±0.7 | <0.001 |
Current smoker, (%) | 13 (16) | 14 (17) | 0.83 | 10 (12) | 15 (18) | 0.26 |
Body-mass index, kg/m2 | 23.1±2.5 | 24.0±2.8 | 0.03 | 25.3±3.0 | 25.4±3.2 | 0.84 |
Blood pressure, mm Hg | ||||||
Systolic | 114±12 | 114±11 | 0.89 | 114±11 | 116±11 | 0.16 |
Diastolic | 72±8 | 73±9 | 0.43 | 73±9 | 75±8 | 0.09 |
Hypertension, (%)* | 0 | 0 | 4 (5) | 1 (1) | 0.17 | |
Lipids | ||||||
HDL cholesterol, mg/dl | 52±13 | 52±13 | 0.91 | 52±13 | 53±13 | 0.61 |
LDL cholesterol, mg/dl | 111±33 | 108±28 | 0.47 | 110±25 | 114±28 | 0.36 |
Total cholesterol, mg/dl | 176±36 | 173±33 | 0.58 | 177±28 | 184±33 | 0.16 |
Triglycerides, mg/dl | 68±25 | 69±25 | 0.74 | 75±38 | 83±50 | 0.22 |
Hyperlipidemia, (%)† | 0 | 0 | 16 (19) | 21 (26) | 0.33 | |
Microalbuminuria, AER (%)‡ | ||||||
30 to <300 mg/24 hours | 0 | 0 | 1 (1) | 4 (5) | 0.17 |
Plus-minus values are means ±SD. HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; AER, albumin excretion rate.
Hypertension, as defined by systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg and a diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg, documented hypertension, or the use of antihypertensive agents8.
Hyperlipidemia, as defined by LDL cholesterol levels ≥130 mg/dL (3.4 mmol/L) or the use of lipid-lowering agents8.
Microalbuminuria, as defined by AER 30 to <300 mg/24 hours on two consecutive occasions25