Table 2. –
Association of QRS area and baseline variables to outcome in univariable and multivariable analyses for the overall cohort
| Univariable Cox Regression |
Multivariable Cox Regression |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR | 95% CI | p-value | HR | 95% CI | p-value | |
| Age, per 5-year increase | 1.05 | 1.00–1.10 | 0.05 | 0.98 | 0.93–1.04 | 0.54 |
| Male | 1.61 | 1.23 2.11 | <0.001 | 1.00 | 0.73–1.36 | 0.99 |
| Ischemic heart disease | 1.69 | 1.34 2.12 | <0.001 | 1.35 | 1.04–1.75 | 0.03 |
| QRS duration < 150 ms | 1.44 | 1.14–1.81 | 0.002 | 1.27 | 0.91–1.77 | 0.15 |
| QRS morphology | ||||||
| Strict LBBB | (1.00) | (1.00) | ||||
| Non-strict LBBB | 1.66 | 1.22–2.27 | 0.001 | 0.87 | 0.58–1.31 | 0.51 |
| RV paced | 1.49 | 1.10–2.02 | 0.01 | 1.17 | 0.82–1.67 | 0.38 |
| IVCD | 2.04 | 1.33–3.14 | 0.001 | 1.06 | 0.65–1.72 | 0.83 |
| RBBB + LAFB | 1.31 | 0.83–2.06 | 0.24 | 0.49 | 0.30–0.80 | 0.005 |
| RBBB + LPFB | 19.97 | 7.91–50.39 | <0.001 | 6.96 | 2.66–18.20 | < 0.001 |
| RBBB | 2.01 | 1.13–3.56 | 0.02 | 1.19 | 0.64–2.22 | 0.59 |
| 1st degree AV block | 1.63 | 1.24–2.13 | <0.001 | 1.79 | 1.33–2.41 | < 0.001 |
| Atrial fibrillation/flutter | 2.00 | 1.59–2.50 | <0.001 | 1.64 | 1.28–2.12 | < 0.001 |
| LVEF, per 5% increase | 0.91 | 0.84–0.99 | 0.03 | 0.91 | 0.83–1.00 | 0.05 |
| Hypertension | 1.13 | 0.87–1.45 | 0.36 | |||
| Diabetes | 1.18 | 0.94–1.48 | 0.15 | |||
| NYHA class III/IV | 1.90 | 1.28–2.82 | 0.001 | 1.49 | 0.99–2.26 | 0.06 |
| Creatinine > 1.2 mg/dL | 2.39 | 1.90–3.00 | <0.001 | 1.86 | 1.44–2.40 | < 0.001 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 1.50 | 1.11–2.02 | 0.009 | 1.23 | 0.90–1.70 | 0.19 |
| Chronic lung disease | 1.72 | 1.35–2.20 | <0.001 | 1.39 | 1.07–1.80 | 0.01 |
| ACE-inhibitor/ARB | 0.44 | 0.34–0.56 | <0.001 | 0.57 | 0.44–0.74 | < 0.001 |
| Beta-blocker | 0.57 | 0.41–0.78 | <0.001 | 0.78 | 0.56–1.10 | 0.16 |
| Diuretics | 1.23 | 0.87–1.74 | 0.24 | |||
| QRS area < 95 μVs | 2.11 | 1.68–2.65 | <0.001 | 1.65 | 1.25–2.18 | < 0.001 |
ACE = angiotensin converting enzyme; ARB = angiotensin II-receptor blocker; AV = atrioventricular; IVCD = non-specific interventricular conduction delay; LAFB = left anterior fascicular block; LBBB = left bundle branch block; LPFB = left posterior fascicular block; LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction; NYHA = New York Heart Association; RBBB = right bundle branch block; RV = right ventricular.