Table 1.
GSL expression in human and murine immune cells.
| GSL types | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cell type | Sources | GlcCer, LacCer, GalCer | Ganglioside | Globosides | (neo)Lacto-series | References |
| HSCs | Human | N.R. | GM3 | Gb5 | N.R. | (18, 19) |
| Mouse | N.R. | N.R. | N.R. | N.R. | N.R. | |
| Myeloid progenitors | Human | GlcCer, LacCer | GM3a, GM2, GD3 | Gb3, Gb4 | Lc3b, (n)Lc4b | (20–23) |
| Mouse | LacCer | GM1a, GD1aa, GM2, GD3, GM3, GD1b | Gb3b | N.D. | (24) | |
| Mast cells | Human | N.R. | GD3a, GM3 | N.R. | N.R. | (25, 26) |
| Mouse | GlcCer, LacCer | GM1a, GM3a, asialo GM1 | Gb3, Gb4, Fo | N.D. | (27–30) | |
| Maturated mast cells | Human | LacCer | GD3a, GM3, and a-series ganglioside (GM2, GM1, GD1a)c | N.R. | N.R. | (25) |
| Mouse | GlcCer | GM3a | N.R. | N.D. | (29, 30) | |
| Neutrophils | Human | GlcCer,LacCerd, GalCer | GM1a, GM3a, complex type, (no GD3) | N.D. | Lc3d, nLc4, nLc6, S(3)nLc4, S(6)nLc4, S(3)nLc6 | (31–40) |
| Mouse | N.R. | N.R. | N.R. | N.R. | N.R. | |
| Eosinophils | Human | N.R. | GM1 | N.R. | N.R. | (41, 42) |
| Mouse | N.R. | N.R. | N.R. | N.R. | N.R. | |
| Basophils | Human | N.R. | N.R. | N.R. | N.R. | N.R. |
| Mouse | N.R. | Asialo GM1 | N.R. | N.R. | (43) | |
| Monocytes | Human | GlcCer, LacCer | GM3a | (iso)Gb3d, Gb4d | Lc3b,(n)Lc4b, S(3)nLc4, S(6)nLc4, S(3)nLc6 | (36, 44–48) |
| Mouse | N.R. | N.R. | N.R. | N.R. | N.R. | |
| Macrophages | Human | GlcCer, LacCer | GM3a | Gb3d, Gb4d, Gb5 | Lc3b, (n)Lc4b, S(3)nLc4, S(6)nLc4, S(3)nLc6 | (44, 45, 48–52) |
| Mouse | N.R. | N.R. | Gb3d, Gb4d, Gb5, Foc | N.R. | (53, 54) | |
| moDCs | Human | N.R. | GM3a | N.R. | Lc3, nLc4 | (55, 56) |
| Mouse | N.R. | GM3a | N.R. | N.R | (56) | |
| BMDCs | Human | N.R. | GM3a | N.R. | N.R. | (56) |
| Mouse | LacCer, Galα1-2, GalCer | GM3a, complex type, (a-, b- and o-series),asialo GM1, asialo GM2 | (iso)Gb3, (iso)Gb4, Gb5, Fo | Lc3 | (57) | |
| B cells | Human | GalCer, GlcCer, LacCer | GM3a, complex type (a-, b- and o-series), asialo GM1, asialo GM2, GD3, 7-O-GD3 and 9-O-GD3 | Gb3d, Gb4d | Lc3b, nLc4b | (12, 58–64) |
| Mouse | GalCer, GlcCer, LacCer | N.R. | N.R. | N.R. | (65) | |
| T cells | Human | GlcCer, LacCer | GM1a, GM3a, complex type (a-, b- and o-series), GD3, 7-O-GD3, 7-O-GD3 | Gb3d, Gb4 | nLc4 | (13, 18, 58, 61, 66, 67) |
| Mouse | GlcCer, LacCer | GM1a, GM3a, complex type (a-, b- and o-series), asialo GM1, extended GM1b (more complex than human) | (iso)Gb3, (iso)Gb4 | Lc3 | (57, 66, 68–71) | |
| NK cells | Human | N.R. | Asialo GM1, 7-O-GD3 | N.R. | N.R. | (50, 72) |
| Mouse | N.R. | Asialo GM1, GM1 | N.R. | N.R. | (69, 73, 74) | |
N.R., Not reported; N.D., Not detected;
a
Dominant abundance;
b
Low abundance;
c
Specific expression;
d
Dominant abundance among neutral GSLs.