Figure 5.

Diltiazem significantly reduces viral replication in infected reconstituted human airway epithelia (HAE). Apical viral production (±SEM) and transepithelial electrical resistance (Δ TEER±SEM) in MucilAir® human airway epithelium infected on the apical pole with influenza A/Lyon/969/09 (H1N1) pdm09 virus at a MOI of 0.1 and subjected to (A) single or (B) combined treatments by the basolateral pole. Treatments with culture medium (mock, gray), oseltamivir 0.1 μM (red, dotted line), oseltamivir 1 μM (red, solid line), diltiazem 9 μM (green, dotted line), diltiazem 90 μM (green, solid line), oseltamivir 0.1 μM/diltiazem 9 μM (brown, dotted line) or oseltamivir 1 μM/diltiazem 90 μM (brown, solid line) were initiated 5 h after infection and administered once daily for 5 consecutive days. ^**p < 0.01 and ^***p < 0.001 compared to the infected Mock-treated group by one-way ANOVA with Tukey's post-test. Data are representative of three independent experiments.