Table 1.
Demographics of the final sample in the current cohort
| LR | HR-TD | HR-Atyp | HR-ASD | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of participants (male) | 20 (11) | 47 (22) | 21 (14) | 13 (11) |
| χ2(1) = 3.11, | χ2(1) = 5.88, | χ2(1) = 1.33, | ||
| p = 0.078a | p = 0.015 | p = 0.249 | ||
| Age at EEG assessment, in days | 473 (49)b | 470 (41) | 465 (46) | 446 (57) |
| U = 91.5, | U = 234.5, | U = 113, | ||
| p = 0.158c | p = 0.203d | p = 0.420c | ||
| Age at diagnostic assessment, in months | 38.0 (1.0)b | 39.0(1.3) | 38.0 (2.0) | 38.5 (1.0) |
| U = 106, | U = 230.5, | U = 118.5, | ||
| p = 0.950c | p = 0.369d | p = 0.782c | ||
| MSELe Composite standard score at visit at 14 months | 102 (14)f | 98 (12) | 93 (16) | 87 (13) |
| 81–133g | 71–121 | 67–123 | 65–113 | |
| t(31) = 3.10, | t(58) = 2.96, | t(32) = 1.12, | ||
| p = 0.004 | p = 0.004 | p = 0.270 | ||
| MSELe Composite standard score at visit at 36 monthsh | 123 (15)b | 115 (20) | 83 (26) | 78 (40) |
| 69–137g | 79–142 | 54–145 | 49–142 | |
| U = 37, | U = 103.5, | U = 107, | ||
| p = 0.002c | p = 0.001 d | p = 0.494c | ||
| ADI-R Social totalh,i | 1 (2)b | 1 (2) | 2 (3) | 13 (5) |
| 0–6 g | 0–11 | 0–10 | 2–25 | |
| U = 6, | U = 16.5, | U = 13, | ||
| p < 0.001c | p < 0.001d | p < 0.001c | ||
| ADI-R, Communication totalh,j | 0 (1)b | 1 (3) | 3 (6) | 12 (5) |
| 0–4 g | 0–11 | 0–14 | 4–19 | |
| U = 0.5, | U = 17, | U = 25, | ||
| p < 0.001 c | p < 0.001 d | p < 0.001 c | ||
| ADI-R | 0 (0)b | 0 (1) | 1 (2) | 6 (4) |
| RRB totalh,k | 0–1 g | 0–3 | 0–9 | 0–10 |
| U = 10, | U = 35.5, | U = 32, | ||
| p < 0.001c | p < 0.001d | p < 0.001c | ||
| ADOS-2, | 2.5 (5)b | 1 (1) | 6 (7) | 5 (6) |
| Social affect totalh,l | 0–9g | 0–5 | 0–13 | 1–12 |
| U = 68, | U = 111.5, | U = 109, | ||
| p = 0.095c | p = 0.001d | p = 0.542c | ||
| ADOS-2 | 1 (1)b | 1(1) | 2 (2) | 1 (3) |
| RRB totalh,m | 0–3g | 0–3 | 0–6 | 1–6 |
| U = 57, | U = 141, | U = 124.5, | ||
| p = 0.031c | p = 0.006d | p = 0.956c |
aPearson Chi-Square with asymptotic significance values (2-sided)
bMedians and interquartile range in parentheses, with results for the Mann–Whitney U-test when compared with the HR-ASD group
cExact 2-tailed
dAsymptotic 2-tailed
eMullen Scales for Early Learning (MSEL)
fMeans and standard deviations in parentheses, with results for the t-test for independent samples when compared with the HR-ASD group
gRange with minimum and maximum score
hData for the 36-month-old visit was only available for 18 LR infants, 46 HR-TD infants, 21 HR-Atyp infants, and 12 HR-ASD infants
iAutism Diagnostic Interview–Revised, Social Algorithm Total at 36 months
jAutism Diagnostic Interview–Revised, Communication Algorithm Total at 36 months
kAutism Diagnostic Interview–Revised, Behaviours/ Repetitive Interests Algorithm Total 36 months
lAutism Diagnostic Observation Schedule–2, Social Affect Total 36 months
mAutism Diagnostic Observation Schedule–2, Restricted and Repetitive Behaviours Total 36 months