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. 2019 Feb 4;9:1211. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-37780-4

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Snap29 supports correct muscle development and function. (A) Lateral views of muscles in the trunk of 4 dpf wild type and snap29^K164* mutant larvae, stained with anti-Myosin heavy chain antibody. Compared to wild type, snap29^K164* mutants present less compacted and ordered filaments (red asterisk). (A’) Quantification of the length of the profile of superficial myofibrils measured in wild type and snap29^K164* mutant 4 dpf larvae. snap29^K164* mutants show a significant increase in myofibril length compared to wild type. The bars in the graph show means and standard deviations. P-values were derived from Mann-Whitney test. ***P ≤ 0.001, n = 41–45. (B) Electron microscopy cross-sections of muscle fibers. snap29^K164* contain MLO (white arrowhead) within extracellular spaces (asterisks) just beneath the basement membrane and a mitochondria surrounded by a double membrane (black arrowhead), which are not present in wild type animals. M: myofibrils, Mit: mitochondria, BM: basement membrane. (C) Selected frames from movies of a wild type and a snap29^K164* mutant larva at 6 dpf recorded for 1 minute after a touch stimulus on the tail. (C’) Quantification of the number of touches required to evoke an escape response. Most of the analyzed snap29^K164* mutants require two or more touches to respond. The graph reports means and standard deviations. P-values were obtained by Mann-Whitney test. ***P ≤ 0.001, n = 6.