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. 2019 Feb 4;9:1292. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-37785-z

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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(a) Inhibition of compounds (10 μM) against nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells; (b) Inhibition of compounds (20 μM) on LPS-stimulated TNF-α release from RAW264.7 cells (Inhibition of compounds (10 μM) on TNF-α production is given in Fig. S2). Asterisks dictate the significant effects of the tested compounds compared to that of LPS treated cells. One-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s post-test (*p < 0.001 for each agonist) used for analyzing data. The data are mean ± SEM of three experiments. The results remained similar when experiments were performed using different cells. Control indicates the cell only. (c) Anti-inflammatory efficacies of the tested compounds on suppressing the mRNA expression of iNOS and TNF-α in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells by RT-PCR. (Full-length blots are given in Supplementary information).