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. 2019 Feb 4;9:1394. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-37915-7

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Progressive depression in bursting neural network by a periodic sequence of single-pulse stimuli. (a) Schematic illustration showing a randomly connected excitatory (red filled circles) and inhibitory (blue open circles) neurons. (b) Skewed STDP function of plastic synapses, (c) Raster plots of APs changing with the number of externally delivered stimuli [first frame: autonomous activity just before the stimulation starts, other frames: AP activities following each stimulation (vertical red line at t = 0 marks the time of the stimulation). The same pulse is delivered repetitively at every 3 s interval to a subset (20 neurons) of the population. (d) Histogram of 500 successive inter-burst-intervals of an autonomously generated PB sequence. (e) AP firing rate profile of autonomously generated PB (left frame) and those of evoked PBs immediately following the stimulating pulse (right frame) [All are an average profile based on 500 PBs]. The red (blue) arrows in (a) represent the direction of AP propagation and the strength of connections. In (b), t_pre (t_post) and d represent, the spiking time of presynaptic (postsynaptic) neuron and conduction delay, respectively. In the raster plots of (c), the top 40 (bottom 160) lines are for the inhibitory (excitatory) neurons.