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. 2019 Feb 4;9:1394. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-37915-7

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Significance of Δt value in Δt paired-pulse stimulation. (a) Two exemplary raster plots showing an almost periodic sequence of recurrent bursts following a probing pulse stimulation, which is marked by a red arrow [after Δt = 60 ms training (left) or Δt = 100 ms training (right)]. (b) shows RBTP vs. Δt for 10 different initial W_ij values just before the training for each value of Δt (only three randomly chosen W_ij initial states are color labeled to illustrate the variability of RBTP following the initial state of W_ij, (c) shows RBTP vs. Δt for 10 different groups of neurons used for the Δt stimulation [as in (b), only three randomly chosen cases are color labeled]. The same initial condition (i. e., W_ij values) is used for the case of (c), while the same groups of cells are used for the training in (b). In (a), the red solid lines plot the rate of APs and the peak position of the first recurrent burst is marked by a blue dot. The value of RBTP plotted in (b) is based on 100 peak positions (blue dots) generated by 100 probing pulses while the values of W_ij are kept after the Δt paired-pulse training.