Table 1.
Subject characteristics before and after 9 months of the lifestyle intervention
| Parameters | Before intervention | After intervention | Change (%) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender (Males/Females) | 82/120 | |||
| Age (years) | 45 (38;54) | |||
| Duration of intervention (days) | 253 (219;289) | |||
| BMI (kg∙m−2) | 29.0 (26.0;32.1) | 27.9 (25.3;31.7) | −4% | <0.0001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 97.0 (87.8;104.0) | 92.3 (84.0;102.1) | −5% | <0.0001 |
| Total body fat mass MRT (kg) | 24.9 (17.9;32.2) | 22.1 (16.1;29.2) | −12% | <0.0001 |
| Visceral fat mass MRT (kg) | 2.6 (1.5;4.1) | 2.0 (1.1;3.6) | −21% | <0.0001 |
| Subc. fat mass MRT (kg) | 21.9 (15.4;28.8) | 19.9 (13.8;26.5) | −9% | <0.0001 |
| Liver fat content MRS (%) | 3.0 (1.4;6.9) | 2.0 (1.0;5.0) | −32% | <0.0001 |
| Fasting glucose (mM) | 5.2 (4.8;5.6) | 5.1 (4.8;5.5) | −2% | 0.003 |
| 2 h glucose (mM) | 6.6 (5.8;8.0) | 6.4 (5.6;7.7) | −4% | 0.03 |
| Insulin sensitivity (AU) | 11.8 (7.1;17.4) | 13.3 (8.9;19.3) | 13% | <0.0001 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 190.5 (164.8;215.0) | 186.0 (163.0;208.5) | −2% | 0.04 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 119.0 (98.0;139.0) | 115.0 (95.0;137.0) | −3% | 0.003 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 50.0 (43.0;60.0) | 52.0 (43.0;60.5) | 4% | 0.58 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 99.0 (76.0;137.5) | 94.0 (69.0;131.5) | −5% | 0.02 |
| Fasting free fatty acids (µmol/l) | 654.0 (503.0;800.0) | 602.5 (467.8;726.3) | −8% | 0.0002 |
| 2 h free fatty acids (µmol/l) | 61.0 (43.0;93.0) | 52.5 (34.0;76.0) | −14% | <0.0001 |
| Adipo-IRi (µmol/l∙pM) | 31819 (20955;54918) | 24608 (16020;41159) | −23% | <0.0001 |
| Physical activity (arb. u) | 8.25 (7.50;9.00) | 8.50 (8.00;9.25) | 3% | <0.0001 |
| VO2peak (ml∙min−1∙kg−1) | 24.5 (20.2;28.5) | 25.3 (21.0;30.6) | 3% | 0.0002 |
| Total energy intake (kCal/day) | 1925 (1628;2310) | 1765 (1563;2082) | −8% | <0.0001 |
| Calories from carb. (%) | 47.2 (42.89;52.02) | 48.77 (44.81;51.77) | 3% | 0.046 |
| Calories from fat (%) | 32.48(28.22;37.11) | 30.96 (27.90;34.67) | −5% | 0.002 |
| Calories from protein (%) | 15.38 (13.80;17.48) | 16.15 (14.86;17.94) | 5% | 0.0001 |
| Fibers (g/d) | 22.25 (17.88;26.82) | 25.14 (21.47;30.15) | 13% | <0.0001 |
| Niacin intake (mg/d) | 12.3 (9.8;15.9) | 13.1 (10.7;16.2) | 6% | 0.06 |
Data are given as medians (interquartile range). P values were calculated with the Wilcoxon signed rank test. Adipo-IRi, adipose tissue insulin resistance index; BMI, body mass index; MRT, magnetic resonance tomography; MRS, magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy; Vo2peak, peak oxygen uptake.