Table 1.
Characteristics of the Study Population.
| Group-Specimena | Ageb | Sex | Biopsy Year | Biopsy Sitec | Neuropathology Readingd | Clinical Diagnosise | Oligoclonal Bandsf | Radiologic Findingsg | DMTh |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MS-005 | 48 | F | 2010 | right parietal WM | primary demyelination consistent with MS | RRMS | negative | multiple new lesions over one year | NTZ, IFNb |
| MS-014 | 42 | F | 2007 | cortical NOS, gray and WM | demyelinating process consistent with MS | secondary progressive MS | positive | multiple enhancing lesions and cord involvement | GA, NOV |
| MS-017 | 52 | F | 2010 | left frontal WM | primary demyelination consistent with MS | MS, untyped | ND | corpus callosum involvement | GA |
| MS-019 | 29 | F | 2007 | left parietal WM | demyelinating process consistent with MS | MS, untyped | ND | periventricular enhancing lesion, 2 other small lesions | DMF |
| MS-021 | 54 | F | 2006 | biopsy 1: right frontal, gray and WM biopsy 2: right periventricular WM | 1: normal 2: primary demyelination consistent with MS | MS, untyped | positive | optic neuritis, multiple demyelinating lesions, Dawson’s fingers | AZP |
| MS-052 | 18 | F | 2008 | right frontal, gray and WM | primary demyelination consistent with MS | MS or ADEM | positive | multifocal enhancing lesions, gray matter involvement | none |
| MS-053 | 76 | M | 2009 | right parietal NOS | primary demyelination consistent with MS | MS or ADEM | ND | right parietal WM lesions | none |
| MS-055 | 27 | F | 2005 | left parietal WM | primary demyelination consistent with MS | MS, untyped | ND | Multiple T2 lesions in subcortical deep white matter | none |
| MS-056 | 26 | F | 2004 | left frontal | primary demyelination consistent with MS | MS, untyped | positive | 3 poorly described brain lesions | none |
| MS-057 | 25 | F | 2004 | right cerebrum, NOS | primary demyelination consistent with MS | MS, CVA | ND | right encephalomalacia | none |
| MS-062 | 29 | M | 2011 | right frontal gray matter | perivascular inflammation | progressive MS | negative | T2 lesions, progression, and leptomeningeal enhancement. | GA, NTZ |
| OND-003 | 37 | M | 2011 | insular cortex NOS | chronic encephalitis | ADEM, encephalitis | positive | multiple T2 and flair lesions in WM | RTX |
| OND-018 | 66 | F | 2014 | right frontal, gray and WM | chronic encephalitis | chronic encephalitis | negative | multiple WM lesions | none |
| OND-054 | 53 | F | 2005 | left frontal WM | ischemic or toxic encephalopathy | anoxic injury | negative | diffusion positive WM lesions, frontal hemorrhage | none |
| C-035 | 20 | F | 2012 | L occipital | FCD type 2B | Epilepsy | Not applicable | ||
| C-036 | 35 | F | 2010 | L temporal | Chaslin’s marginal sclerosis | Epilepsy | |||
| C-038 | 20 | F | 2010 | Frontal | reactive astrogliosis | Epilepsy | |||
| C-039 | 29 | F | 2010 | L temporal | Chaslin’s marginal sclerosis | Epilepsy | |||
| C-040 | 60 | F | 2013 | Temporal | FCD type 1A | Epilepsy | |||
| C-041 | 31 | M | 2012 | L temporal | FCD type 2A | Epilepsy | |||
| C-042 | 24 | M | 2013 | Frontal | FCD type 2A | Epilepsy | |||
| C-043 | 42 | F | 2013 | L frontal | FCD type 2B | Epilepsy | |||
| C-044 | 32 | F | 2012 | R inferior frontal | FCD type 2B | Epilepsy | |||
| C-045 | 24 | F | 2012 | Frontal | FCD type 2B | Epilepsy | |||
| C-046 | 48 | M | 2010 | R temporal | Chaslin’s marginal sclerosis | Epilepsy | |||
| C-047 | 32 | M | 2012 | R temporal | FCD type 1A | Epilepsy | |||
| C-048 | 27 | M | 2012 | L temporal | FCD type 2A | Epilepsy | |||
| C-049 | 36 | F | 2012 | not specified | FCD type 2A | Epilepsy | |||
aMS refers to the primary demyelination group; OND = other neurological disease; C = epilepsy control.
bAge in years is reported at the time of specimen collection.
cSite of brain tissue collection as specified in the pathology reports. The epilepsy control sites were mainly from cortex. Laterality is provided where available. NOS = not otherwise specified, WM = white matter.
dReadings on the MS and OND cases as described by the neuropathologist (Au: Palmer). Clinical pathology reports are summarized from specimens from these groups not available for review, and in all controls. FCD = focal cortical dysplasia.
eAssessed from medical records and discussions with treating neurologists; RRMS = relapsing-remitting MS; ADEM = acute disseminated encephalomyelitis; CVA = cerebrovascular accident (stroke).
fND = testing not done.
gBrain MRI (and/or CT) findings as reviewed with MS neurologist (Au: Renner) or, if not available for viewing, as reported in the medical record.
hDisease modifying therapy (DMT) provided after the diagnostic brain biopsy. Since the biopsies in the MS group were to establish a diagnosis, none of these subjects were on disease modifying therapy at the time of the specimen collection. NTZ = natalizumab; IFNb = interferon-beta; DMF = dimethyl fumarate; GA = glatarimer acetate, NOV = novantrone, AZP = azathioprine, RTX = rituximab.