Table 2.
Effects of CKD on various in vivo left ventricular morphological and functional parameters measured by transthoracic echocardiography.
| Parameter (unit) | View/Mode | week −1 | week 4 | week 8 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sham | CKD | p-value | Sham | CKD | p-value | Sham | CKD | p-value | |||
| LV MORPHOLOGY | Inferior wall thickness-systolic (mm) | short axis/MM | 3.24 ± 0.14 | 3.12 ± 0.11 | 0.553 | 2.97 ± 0.19 | 3.18 ± 0.17 | 0.416 | 3.16 ± 0.16 | 3.41 ± 0.24 | 0.381 |
| Inferior wall thickness-diastolic (mm) | short axis/MM | 2.00 ± 0.23 | 1.59 ± 0.07 | 0.132 | 1.83 ± 0.12 | 2.01 ± 0.14 | 0.325 | 1.87 ± 0.12 | 2.39 ± 0.26# | 0.081 | |
| Posterior wall thickness-systolic (mm) | long axis/MM | 3.51 ± 0.14 | 3.33 ± 0.16 | 0.394 | 3.07 ± 0.14 | 3.48 ± 0.20 | 0.107 | 3.13 ± 0.16 | 3.44 ± 0.27 | 0.305 | |
| Posterior wall thickness-diastolic (mm) | long axis/MM | 1.97 ± 0.10 | 1.91 ± 0.15 | 0.773 | 1.75 ± 0.11 | 2.23 ± 0.22 | 0.057 | 1.76 ± 0.10 | 2.27 ± 0.29 | 0.099 | |
| Left ventricular end diastolic diameter (mm) | long axis/MM | 4.81 ± 0.21 | 4.68 ± 0.28 | 0.699 | 6.25 ± 0.24# | 5.88 ± 0.38# | 0.400 | 6.58 ± 0.25# | 6.40 ± 0.43# | 0.715 | |
| Left ventricular end diastolic diameter (mm) | short axis/MM | 4.55 ± 0.37 | 5.12 ± 0.27 | 0.243 | 6.02 ± 0.15# | 6.22 ± 0.33# | 0.562 | 6.40 ± 0.26# | 6.22 ± 0.40# | 0.712 | |
| Left ventricular end systolic diameter (mm) | long axis/MM | 1.44 ± 0.18 | 1.89 ± 0.29 | 0.190 | 2.59 ± 0.27# | 2.48 ± 0.26 | 0.779 | 3.32 ± 0.25# | 2.97 ± 0.39# | 0.453 | |
| Left ventricular end systolic diameter (mm) | short axis/MM | 1.85 ± 0.45 | 1.44 ± 0.26 | 0.462 | 2.89 ± 0.23# | 2.79 ± 0.33# | 0.790 | 3.03 ± 0.21# | 3.17 ± 0.44# | 0.769 | |
| LV FUNCTION | Fractional shortening (%) | long axis/MM | 70 ± 3 | 66 ± 3 | 0.297 | 59 ± 4# | 58 ± 4# | 0.797 | 50 ± 2# | 55 ± 4# | 0.247 |
| Fractional shortening (%) | short axis/MM | 71 ± 3 | 73 ± 3 | 0.683 | 56 ± 3# | 57 ± 4# | 0.860 | 53 ± 2# | 51 ± 5# | 0.745 | |
| Left ventricular end-diastolic volume (µl) | 4CH/2D | 71 ± 10 | 74 ± 12 | 0.826 | 87 ± 12 | 122 ± 20# | 0.145 | 136 ± 20# | 78 ± 7* | 0.014 | |
| Left ventricular end-systolic volume (µl) | 4CH/2D | 27 ± 4 | 27 ± 3 | 0.960 | 34 ± 6 | 52 ± 12# | 0.198 | 55 ± 12# | 27 ± 3 | 0.054 | |
| Stroke volume (µl) | 4CH/2D | 45 ± 6 | 47 ± 7 | 0.756 | 53 ± 6 | 70 ± 9 | 0.141 | 82 ± 8# | 51 ± 5* | 0.004 | |
| Cardiac output (mL/min) | 4CH/2D | 18 ± 3 | 19 ± 3 | 0.932 | 21 ± 2 | 26 ± 4 | 0.225 | 29 ± 2# | 17 ± 2* | 0.001 | |
| E-wave (m/s) | 4CH/PWD | 0.84 ± 0.07 | 0.84 ± 0.06 | 0.961 | 0.99 ± 0.08 | 0.88 ± 0.07 | 0.317 | 0.71 ± 0.03 | 0.73 ± 0.06 | 0.718 | |
| e′-wave (m/s) | 4CH/TD | 0.065 ±0.003 | 0.059 ±0.003 | 0.217 | 0.079 ± 0.003 | 0.063 ± 0.008* | 0.027 | 0.066 ± 0.005 | 0.049 ± 0.005* | 0.014 | |
| Isovolumic contraction time (ms) | 4CH/PWD | 17.17 ±1.38 | 18.26 ± 1.92 | 0.644 | 14.37 ± 1.10 | 16.85 ± 0.56 | 0.069 | 17.53 ± 1.19 | 20.19 ± 1.80 | 0.227 | |
| Isovolumic relaxation time (ms) | 4CH/PWD | 27.20 ± 2.72 | 26.37 ± 3.04 | 0.840 | 22.83 ± 2.01 | 26.52 ± 2.32 | 0.244 | 25.50 ± 1.71 | 32.33 ± 2.68* | 0.042 | |
| Ejection time (ms) | 4CH/PWD | 50.60 ± 2.17 | 45.22 ± 4.29 | 0.264 | 54.17 ± 2.37 | 61.00 ± 5.88# | 0.278 | 62.13 ± 2.10 | 66.15 ± 3.54# | 0.331 | |
| Tei index | 4CH/PWD | 0.90 ± 0.09 | 1.01 ± 0.08 | 0.264 | 0.71 ± 0.07 | 0.76 ± 0.07 | 0.574 | 0.71 ± 0.06 | 0.75 ± 0.06 | 0.665 | |
Transthoracic echocardiographic measurements were performed −1, 4, and 8 weeks after 5/6 nephrectomy. Values are mean ± SEM, n = 9–10, *p < 0.05 vs. control, unpaired t-test within each time point. p-values refer to the unpaired t-test at each time point. #p < 0.05 vs. week −1, repeated measures two-way ANOVA (Holm-Sidak post hoc test). 2D, two dimensional, 4CH: four chambers view, CKD: chronic kidney disease; E-wave, early ventricular filling velocity; MM, M (motion) Mode; PWD, pulse wave Doppler; TD, tissue Doppler.