Table 2.
The polysomnographic (PSG) variables before and after 6-months treatment of MPH in ADHD children.
| Variables | ADHD-I (n = 35) |
ADHD-C (n = 36) |
Total (n = 71) |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Before treatment | After treatment | p value | Before treatment | After treatment | p value | Before treatment | After treatment | p value | |
| AHI (apnea-hypopnea index) (/h) | 1.14 (1.37) | 2.09 (2.81) | 0.098 | 1.27 (1.22) | 1.94 (2.91) | 0.224 | 1.20 (1.29) | 1.98 (2.78) | 0.012a |
| DI (desaturation index) (/h) | 0.17 (0.26) | 0.30 (0.60) | 0.150 | 0.39 (0.85) | 0.30 (0.45) | 0.503 | 0.28 (0.64) | 0.36 (0.90) | 0.112 |
| Apnea index (/h), [mean (SD)] | 0.54 (1.05) | 0.37 (0.69) | 0.516 | 0.34 (0.67) | 0.21 (0.41) | 0.187 | 0.43 (0.87) | 0.28 (0.55) | 0.140 |
| Awake [%, mean (SD)] | 6.90 (7.82) | 7.77 (9.54) | 0.102 | 10.32 (10.24) | 8.97 (12.89) | 0.351 | 8.63 (9.23) | 8.11 (11.01) | 0.058 |
| Rapid eye movement [%, mean (SD)] | 12.01 (4.87) | 12.56 (5.54) | 0.109 | 12.16 (4.22) | 13.60 (5.14) | 0.618 | 11.91 (4.72) | 13.34 (5.03) | 0.138 |
| Stage 1 [%, mean (SD)] | 8.76 (4.76) | 6.87 (5.40) | 0.100 | 10.58 (9.34) | 9.14 (5.68) | 0.727 | 9.56 (7.51) | 7.98 (5.48) | 0.366 |
| Stage 2 [%, mean (SD)] | 40.41 (12.76) | 40.89 (9.92) | 0.401 | 37.68 (11.53) | 39.43 (13.08) | 0.438 | 39.03 (12.15) | 40.48 (11.44) | 0.485 |
| SWS (slow wave sleep) [%, mean (SD)] | 29.45 (11.23) | 31.80 (12.63) | 0.928 | 28.19 (7.13) | 30.36 (9.54) | 0.306 | 27.50 (8.68) | 30.78 (10.85) | 0.480 |
| TST (total sleep time) [min, mean (SD)] | 380.15 (32.42) | 386.93 (42.59) | 0.158 | 363.01 (42.44) | 389.38 (24.30) | 0.027a | 371.46 (38.54) | 388.80 (33.63) | 0.005a |
| Sleep Efficiency (SE) [%, mean (SD)] | 88.65 (8.57) | 89.92 (10.67) | 0.617 | 84.74 (10.91) | 89.39 (7.12) | 0.240 | 86.67 (9.95) | 89.93 (8.75) | 0.220 |
| Sleep latency [min, mean (SD)] | 17.91 (11.97) | 13.93 (12.93) | 0.402 | 21.15 (15.67) | 16.91 (14.63) | 0.479 | 19.24 (14.16) | 15.26 (13.62) | 0.300 |
| Mean SaO2 | 96.89 (1.09) | 97.19 (1.40) | 0.253 | 96.72 (1.41) | 96.89 (1.25) | 0.433 | 96.80 (1.26) | 96.96 (1.42) | 0.252 |
| Periodic limb movement index [mean (SD)] | 0.65 (1.34) | 0.63 (1.31) | 0.731 | 1.00 (2.66) | 0.56 (1.23) | 0.896 | 0.83 (2.10) | 0.59 (1.27) | 0.031a |
| Hypopnea count | 3.37 (3.02) | 7.53 (11.97) | 0.130 | 5.15 (5.34) | 7.03 (7.48) | 0.443 | 4.32 (4.42) | 7.30 (9.70) | 0.008a |
Abbreviations: DI (desaturation index): number of desaturation of 4% or more/hour of sleep; PSG: polysomnography; MPH: methylphenidate; ADHD-I: ADHD with predominantly inattentive presentation; ADHD-C: ADHD with predominantly hyperactive/impulsive or combined presentation.
a
Indicate significant difference when compared with base-line pre-treatment data, with a p value of less than .05.