Table 3.
The pediatric sleep questionnaire (PSQ) variables before and after 6-months treatment of MPH in ADHD children.
| Variables | ADHD-I (n = 35) |
ADHD-C (n = 36) |
Total (n = 71) |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Before treatment | After treatment | p value | Before treatment | After treatment | p value | Before treatment | After treatment | p value | |
| Delay initiation of sleep, n (%) | 14 (40) | 14 (40) | 0.985 | 11 (30.6) | 8 (22.2) | 0.542 | 25 (35.2) | 22 (31.0) | 0.592 |
| Sleep onset latency, min [mean (SD)] | 20.76 (19.89) | 15.82 (13.29) | 0.304 | 28.33 (20.88) | 19.18 (15.69) | 0.059 | 24.22 (20.48) | 17.5 (13.8) | 0.021a |
| Sleep fragment, n (%) | 1 (2.9) | 0 (0) | 0.055 | 4 (11.1) | 3 (8.3) | 0.661 | 5 (7.0) | 3 (4.2) | 0.050 |
| Total sleep time in weekday, h [mean (SD)] | 8.55 (0.80) | 8.59 (0.98) | 0.668 | 8.80 (0.82) | 8.64 (0.77) | 0.396 | 8.68 (0.81) | 8.61 (0.84) | 0.516 |
| Total sleep time in weekend, h [mean (SD)] | 9.74 (1.27) | 9.70 (1.01) | 0.898 | 9.62 (1.04) | 9.78 (1.32) | 0.570 | 9.68 (1.15) | 9.75 (1.19) | 0.722 |
| Daytime sleepiness, n (%) | 6 (17.1) | 4 (11.43) | 0.413 | 6 (16.7) | 4 (11.11) | 0.552 | 12 (16.9) | 8 (11.3) | 0.152 |
| Enuresis, n (%) | 7 (20) | 4 (11.43) | 0.198 | 9 (25) | 9 (25.0) | 0.821 | 16 (22.5) | 13 (18.3) | 0.325 |
| Bruxism, n (%) | 17 (48.6) | 10 (28.57) | 0.022a | 13 (36.1) | 15 (41.67) | 0.621 | 30 (42.3) | 25 (35.2) | 0.454 |
| Sleep walking, n (%) | 4 (11.4) | 3 (8.57) | 0.468 | 2 (5.6) | 3 (8.3) | 0.576 | 6 (8.4) | 6 (8.5) | 0.912 |
| Nightmare, n (%) | 7 (20) | 7 (20) | 0.914 | 10 (27.8) | 5 (13.89) | 0.021a | 17 (23.9) | 12 (16.9) | 0.134 |
| Obstructive sleep apnea, n (%) | 2 (5.7) | 1 (2.86) | 0.357 | 1 (2.8) | 2 (5.56) | 0.236 | 3 (4.2) | 3 (4.2) | 0.998 |
| Periodic limb movement disorder, n (%) | 10 (28.6) | 1 (2.86) | 0.007a | 8 (22.2) | 1 (2.78) | 0.020a | 18 (25.4) | 2 (2.8) | 0.029a |
| Snoring, n (%) | 12 (34.3) | 9 (25.71) | 0.046a | 14 (38.9) | 16 (44.4) | 0.640 | 26 (36.6) | 25 (35.2) | 0.745 |
Delay initiation of sleep is sleep onset latency more than 30 mins.
Abbreviations: PSG: polysomnography; ADHD-I: ADHD with predominantly inattentive presentation; ADHD-C: ADHD with predominantly hyperactive/impulsive or combined presentation; MPH: methylphenidate; SD: standard deviation.
a
Indicate significant difference when compared with base-line pre-treatment data, with a p value of less than .05.