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. 2019 Feb 4;9:1317. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-36706-4

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Simulated ejection volume at different preloads (grey circles) and comparison with experimental data⁴⁰ for rat myocardium (filled dots) and old model (grey boxes). The new model is able to predict an increase in the ejection volume at higher preloads, due to the higher tension generated at longer SLs. However, the increase is not as much as observed experimentally, indicating that other mechanisms are involved in the Frank-Starling law of the heart. More interestingly, the increase in the EV is very similar to the one predicted from our previous model which generates the same T_max for all SLs (the two simulated data are not superimposed for the intrinsic differences between the models, in the new model the ejection volume at 5 kPa has been chosen for the initial fitting of the FE parameters). This result opens the question about the relative importance of the second component of the LDA in physiological situations.