. 2018 Dec 25;11(12):1725–1735. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.1725-1735

Table-1.

A summary of the studies that met the inclusion criteria, their objectives, and outcome.

Authors	Year of publication	Objective	Pain therapies	Dosage	Time of dosing	Course of admin	Rescue analgesia	Outcome
Ashraf and Abu-Seida [6]	2012	Evaluate efficacy	Diclofenac	1.1 mg/kg	Postop.	Once	No	Combination had similar analgesia to diclofenac alone but better analgesia compared to cefotaxime
			Cefotaxime	10 mg/kg
			Diclofenac+Cefotaxime	1.1 and 10 mg/kg
Buhari et al. [7]	2012	Evaluate efficacy	Tramadol IV	3 mg/kg	Preop.	Once	No	In IV analgesia is faster but of similar efficacy compared to SQ
Buhari et al. [7]	2012	Evaluate efficacy	Tramadol SQ	3 mg/kg	Preop.	Once	No
Camargo et al. [8]	2011	Compare analgesia	Firocoxib	5 mg/kg	Preop.	Once	Yes	Firocoxib has superior analgesia than butorphanol
Camargo et al. [8]	2011	Compare analgesia	Butorphanol	0.2 mg/kg	Preop.	Once	Yes	Firocoxib has superior analgesia than butorphanol
Campagnol et al. [9]	2012	Compare analgesia	Incisional bupivacaine	1 mg/kg	Preop.	Once	Yes	Intraperitoneal bupivacaine more effective than incisional bupivacaine
Campagnol et al. [9]	2012	Compare analgesia	Intraperitoneal bupivacaine	5 mg/kg	Preop.	Once	Yes
Carpenter et al. [10]	2004	Compare analgesia	Bupivacaine	4.4 mg/kg	Postop.	Once	Yes	Intraperitoneal/incisional bupivacaine provides better analgesia than intraperitoneal/incisional lidocaine
Carpenter et al. [10]	2004	Compare analgesia	Lidocaine	8.8 mg/kg	Postop.	Once	Yes
Cassu et al. [11]	2012	Compare analgesia	Electroanalgesia of acupoint EA		Preop.	Once	Yes	Acupoint EA and combination have better analgesia than dermatome
			Pre-incisional dermatome
			Their combination
Caulkett et al. [12]	2003	Compare analgesia	Meloxicam	0.2 mg/kg	Preop.	Once	Yes	Meloxicam has better analgesia than butorphanol
Caulkett et al. [12]	2003	Compare analgesia	Butorphanol	0.2 mg/kg	Preop.	Once	Yes	Meloxicam has better analgesia than butorphanol
Dzikiti et al. [13]	2006	Compare analgesia	Morphine	0.4 mg/kg	Preop.	24 h	Yes	Morphine, carprofen, and morphine-carprofen combination have similar analgesia
			Carprofen	4 mg/kg
			Morphine-carprofen	0.4 and 4 mg/kg
Frazílio et al. [14]	2014	Compare analgesia	Nalbuphine	0.3 mg/kg	Preop.	Once	Yes	Nalbuphine at 0.6 mg/kg provides superior and longer analgesia than at 0.3 mg/kg
Frazílio et al. [14]	2014	Compare analgesia	Nalbuphine	0.6 mg/kg	Preop.	Once	Yes
Imagawa et al. [15]	2011	Compare analgesia	Dipyrone	Varying dosage 15, 25, and 35 mg/kg	Postop	48 h	Yes	Dipyrone 25 mg/kg and 35 mg/kg have similar analgesic efficacy better than achieved at 15 mg/kg
Kongara et al. [16]	2012	Compare analgesia	Morphine	0.5 mg/kg	Preop. and Postop.	Once	Yes	Analgesia produced by individual drugs is similar, but the combination provides superior analgesia
			Tramadol	3 mg/kg
			Morphine-tramadol	0.1 and 3 mg/kg
Lascelles et al. [17]	1998	Compare analgesia	Pre-operative carprofen	4 mg/kg	Preop. and Postop.	Once	No	Pre-operative carprofen has better analgesia than post-operative carprofen
Lascelles et al. [17]	1998	Compare analgesia	Post-operative carprofen	4 mg/kg	Preop. and Postop.	Once	No
Leece et al. [18]	2005	Compare analgesia	Carprofen	4 mg/kg SQ then 2 mg/kg oral	Preop. and Postop.	72 h	Yes	Both drugs have satisfactory analgesia, but meloxicam provides analgesia of longer duration than carprofen
			Meloxicam	4 mg/kg SQ then 2 mg/kg oral
			Meloxicam	0.2 mg/kg SQ then 0.1 mg/kg oral
Lemke et al. [19]	2002	Evaluate efficacy	Ketoprofen	2 mg/kg	Preop.	Once	Yes	Ketoprofen reduces pain postoperatively
Mastrocinque and Fantoni [20]	2003	Compare analgesia	Morphine	0.2 mg/kg	Preop.	Once	Yes	Morphine and tramadol provide similar analgesia
Mastrocinque and Fantoni [20]	2003	Compare analgesia	Tramadol	2 mg/kg	Preop.	Once	Yes	Morphine and tramadol provide similar analgesia
Nunamaker et al. [21]	2014	Compare analgesia	Buprenorphine single release	0.2 mg/kg	Postop.	72 h	Yes	Both dosages provide similar analgesia with comparable side effects
			Buprenorphine single release	0.02 mg/kg
			Buprenorphine	0.02 mg/kg
Neves et al. [22]	2012	Compare analgesia	Tramadol	2 mg/kg	Preop.	Once	Yes	Extradural tramadol and morphine provide similar analgesia
Neves et al. [22]	2012	Compare analgesia	Morphine	0.1 mg/kg	Preop.	Once	Yes	Extradural tramadol and morphine provide similar analgesia
Pekcan and Koc [23]	2010	Compare analgesia	Transdermal fentanyl patch	50 or 75 ug/h	Preop.	Once	Yes	Epidural morphine provides better analgesia than transdermal fentanyl
			Transdermal fentanyl patch	0.1 mg/kg
			Epidural morphine	0.1 mg/kg
Roija et al. [24]	2012	Evaluate efficacy	Magnesium sulfate	50 mg/kg	Preop.	Once	Yes	Magnesium sulfate failed to show any significant analgesic effects
Saritas et al. [25]	2015	Evaluate efficacy	Dexketoprofen	1.0 mg/kg	Preop.	Once	No	Dexketoprofen provides adequate analgesia
Selmi et al. [26]	2009	Compare analgesia	Vedaprofen	0.5 mg/kg	Preop.	Once	Yes	Vedaprofen provides similar analgesia to carprofen and ketoprofen
			Ketoprofen	2.2 mg/kg
			Carprofen	2.2 mg/kg
Shafford et al. [27]	2002	Compare analgesia	PEMF	0.5 HZ q 20 min	Postop.	Once	Yes	PEMF therapy provides adequate analgesia as does morphine and the combination
			Morphine	0.25 mg/kg
			PEMF+morphine	0.5 HZ q 20 min and 0.25 mg/kg
Shih et al. [28]	2008	Compare analgesia	Buprenorphine	0.02 mg/kg	Preop.	Once	Yes	Carprofen and the combination provide superior analgesia to that of buprenorphine; the combination has no added benefit
			Carprofen	4 mg/kg
			Buprenorphine+carprofen	0.02 and 4 mg/kg
Singh et al. [29]	2003	Compare analgesia	Pre-operative pentazocine	2 mg/kg	Preop. and Postop.	24 h	No	Pentazocine administered preoperatively has better analgesia than when given postoperatively
			Pre-operative pentazocine	2 mg/kg
			Post-operative pentazocine	2 mg/kg
Slingsby et al. [30]	2006	Compare analgesia	Varying dosages of sufentanil	10, 15, 25 µg/kg	Preop.	Once	Yes	Sufentanil provides better analgesia compared to carprofen; furthermore, it produces low pain score with increasing dosage
			Varying dosages of sufentanil	4 mg/kg
			Carprofen	4 mg/kg
Slingsby et al. [31]	2011	Compare analgesia	Buprenorphine	20 µg/kg	Preop.	Once	Yes	Both dosages provide adequate analgesia but no significant advantage on higher dosages
Slingsby et al. [31]	2011	Compare analgesia	Buprenorphine	40 µg/kg	Preop.	Once	Yes
Stanescu et al. [32]	2011	Compare analgesia	Robenacoxib	2 mg/kg	Postop.	72 h	Yes	Tramadol provides longer analgesia than robenacoxib
Stanescu et al. [32]	2011	Compare analgesia	Tramadol	2 mg/kg	Postop.	72 h	Yes	Tramadol provides longer analgesia than robenacoxib
Tavakoli et al. [33]	2009	Evaluate efficacy	Metoclopramide	0.5 mg/kg	Preop.	Once	No	Metoclopramide is effective in reducing post-operative pain
Thengchaisri et al. [34]	2010	Compare analgesia	Carprofen	4.4 mg/kg	Postop.	72 h	No	Carprofen and tepoxalin provide better analgesia compared to vedaprofen
			Vedaprofen	0.5 mg/kg
			Tepoxalin	20 mg/kg
Tsai et al. [35]	2013	Compare analgesia	Meloxicam	0.2 mg/kg	Preop.	Once	Yes	Lidocaine provides comparable analgesia with meloxicam; the combination has no additive advantage
			Lidocaine	1.0 IV bolus then 0.025 CRI
			Meloxicam-lidocaine	0.2-1.0 iv bolus then 0.025 CRI
Vettorato and Bacco [36]	2011	Compare analgesia	Pethidine	5 mg/kg	Preop.	Once	Yes	Pethidine and butorphanol provide similar analgesia
Vettorato and Bacco [36]	2011	Compare analgesia	Butorphanol	0.4 mg/kg	Preop.	Once	Yes	Pethidine and butorphanol provide similar analgesia

PEMF=Pulse electromagnetic field, Preop=Pre-operative, Postop=Post-operative, Admin=Administration, CRI=Constant rate infusion, IV=Intravenous, SQ=Subcutaneous, EA=Symbol of a specific acupoint in dogs