Figure 3.

Resveratrol blocks and down-modulates TNF-β- and TNF-α-induced invasion and colony formation of CRC cells. HCT116 cells in alginate bead cultures were treated with TNF-β (a), or TNF-α (b), or resveratrol and TNF-β (c) or resveratrol and TNF-α (d) as described in Materials and Methods. Invasive colonies were stained with Toluidine blue after 10 days. The number of invasive and adhered colonies was visualized and quantified by counting all colonies under a light microscope (Zeiss, Germany). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01. Invasion cell numbers were significantly lower in the resveratrol+TNF groups than in the TNF groups. (A color version of this figure is available in the online journal.)