Table II.
Details of smokeless tobacco cessation intervention non case-control studies
| Authors | Country | Year | Study type | Subject characteristics | Intervention period | Follow up period | Quit rate (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Age (yr) | |||||||
| Behavioural interventions only | ||||||||
| Eakin et al35 | USA | 1989 | Pilot study | 25 males | 3 months | 16 | ||
| Masouredis et al36 | USA | 1997 | RCT | 1208 males | 3 months | 24 | ||
| Walsh et al27 | USA | 1998 | Pilot study | 304 males | Minor and major league players | 6 months | 9 | |
| Boyle et al28 | USA | 1999 | Media campaign | 205 males | 21-79 Average age=37.5 | 1 yr | 11.5 | |
| Fisher et al37 | USA | 2001 | Cohort study | 50 (49 males, 1 female) | 18 and above | 6 wk | 58 | |
| Lichtenstein et al29 | USA | 2002 | 363 female romantic partners of male smokeless tobacco users | Average age=40 | 6 months | 32 | ||
| Gala et al38 | USA | 2008 | Cohort study | 18 males | 18 and above | 1 month | 8 | |
| Mishra et al30 | India | 2009 | Cohort study | 104 males | 1 yr | 51.5 | ||
| Meier et al31 | USA | 2013 | Institutional intervention | 2293 males | 18-56 (average age =20.6) | 4 yr | 16.4 | |
| Mishra et al32 | India | 2014 | Community-based intervention | 304 women | 1 yr | 33.5 | ||
| Siddiqi et al33 | UK, Pakistan | 2016 | Pilot study | 32 (16 males and 16 females) | 18 and above | 6 months | 12.5 | |
| Gupta et al34 | India | 2016 | Quitline | 1105 | Majority between 16-25 | 1 call session | 1 wk, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 1 yr | 20.0 (at 18 months) |
| NRT with behavioural interventions | ||||||||
| Sinusas et al56 | USA | 1993 | Preliminary trial | 14 males | 2-4 months | Up to 12 months | 21 (at the end of treatment), 7 (at follow up) | |
| Hatsukami et al57 | USA | 2003 | Pilot study | 40 males | Average age=31.9 | 12 wk | At 26 wk | 25 (at end of treatment) 15 (at follow up) |
| Ebbert et al58 | USA | 2007 | Open-label, one-arm, phase II clinical trial | 30 (29 males, 1 female) | Average age=35.4 | 12 wk | 6 months | 53 (at end of treatment), 47 (at follow up) |
| Wallstrom et al55 | Sweden | 2010 | Prospective, open, non-randomized intervention trial | 50 males | Average age=42.2 | Six wk | 3, 6, 12 months | 30 (at 12 months) |
| Mushtaq et al39 | USA | 2015 | Cohort study | 374 males | Average age=41.3 | 7 months | 43 | |
| Non-Nicotine therapy with behavioural interventions: Varenicline | ||||||||
| Ebbert et al47 | USA | 2010 | Pilot study | 20 males | Average age=42.8 | 12 wk | 6 months | 15 (at 12 wk) 10 (at 6 months) |
NRT, Nicotine replacement therapy