Figure 4.

Sulforaphane (SFN) exerts an anti-oxidative role by PI3K/Akt-mediated Nrf2 signaling pathway. Human trabecular meshwork cells (HTMCs) were pretreated with LY294002 (20 μM) for 6 hours prior to being exposed to SFN (20 μM) for 6 hours and H₂O₂ (100 μM) for 24 hours respectively. Protein expression of PI3K, Akt, P-Akt, Nrf2, and phase II antioxidative enzymes NQO-1, HO-1, GCLC, and GCLM. Data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation. * P<0.05, Control versus H₂O₂, ^# P<0.05, H₂O₂ versus H₂O₂+SFN, ^& P<0.05, H₂O₂+SFN versus LY294002. PI3K – phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; Akt – serine/threonine kinase; Nrf2 – nuclearfactor-E2-related factor 2; H₂O₂ – hydrogen peroxide; NQO-1 – NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1; HO-1 – heme oxygenase-1; GCLC – glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit; GCLM – glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit.