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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Feb 5.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Med. 2017 Oct 16;23(11):1277–1286. doi: 10.1038/nm.4421

Figure 4.

Figure 4

IL-15 expression in lymph nodes during SIV infection in AGMs and macaques. LNs from six chronically infected AGMs and six chronically infected macaques were analyzed. (a) Percentage of follicles with at east one IL-15+ cell per analyzed LN section. A total of ten LN sections per animal were counted. (b) Confocal images of LN sections stained for IL-15 (red) and total nucleus (blue). Images present the distribution of IL-15+ cells for each species. (c) Frequencies of cells positive for both IL-15 and IL-15Rα among distinct subpopulations of stromal (CD45−) and hematopoietic (CD45+) cells. AGM, purple circles; macaque, gray squares. (d) Confocal images of LN sections stained for NK cells (green), IL-15 (red) and nucleus (blue), showing the spatial association between IL-15 and NK cells. The images on the right are higher-magnification images of AGM follicles with typical NK cell distribution, i.e., within and surrounding IL-15-positive follicles, during SIVagm infection. (e) Confocal images of LN sections hybridized with an IL15 RNA probe (red) and stained with DAPI (blue). Circled areas represent B cell follicle limits. Images to the right show representative examples of the shape of IL15-mRNA-positive cells. In a and c, nonparametric Mann–Whitney U-tests were applied. *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.0005. Median and interquartile range are shown.