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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: AIDS. 2019 Mar 1;33(3):571–576. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000002071

Table 1.

Sample Characteristics, Correlations, and Adjusted Relationships of Time 1 (T1) Predictors with ART adherence at Time 3a

Sample characteristics
(n=965)
Correlation with internalized HIV stigmab Correlation with depression symptoms at T3b Without adjustment for ART adherence at T1c (n=914) With adjustment for ART adherence at T1c (n=914)
T1 Predictors Mean (SD)
or N (%)
AOR 95% CI AOR 95% CI
Internalized HIV stigma 1.76 (0.62) - .33** 0.61 0.45–0.82 0.64 0.47–0.87
Age (years) 49.11 (8.51) −.08* .01 1.02 1.00–1.05 1.02 0.99–1.04
Time on ART (years) 11.07 (6.38) −.18** −.10** 0.96 0.92–0.99 0.96 0.93–1.00
Use of illicit drugs 220 (22.8%) .06 .20** 0.51 0.34–0.77 0.60 0.39–0.93
Non-Hispanic White 114 (11.8%) .01 .05 4.13 1.73–9.88 3.66 1.51–8.85
Household Income >$12,000 450 (46.6%) −.05 −.19** 0.89 0.60–1.32 0.85 0.57–1.27
More than high school education 329 (34.1%) −.02 −.11** 0.89 0.59–1.34 0.92 0.60–1.39
Region US Southd 140 (14.5%) .21** .10** 1.23 0.64–2.35 1.19 0.61–2.32
ART adherence at T1 (optimal) 831 (86.1%) −.06 −.08** - 4.01 2.61–6.30
Depression symptoms at T1 12.26 (11.30) .37** - - - - -

a Of the 965 participants, only one participant did not have data on internalized stigma, and 50 did not have data on ART adherence at T3. Participants with data on ART adherence at T3 who were included in the analysis (n=914) did not differ from 50 participants who did not have data on ART adherence at T3 on internalized stigma or any of the covariates (all p values > .19) and listwise deletion was used in analyses.

b Associations with binary variables are also reported as correlation coefficients instead of t-tests in order to simplify presentation. Note that a t test and a correlation test yield the same p value.

c Estimates adjusted for all other T1 predictors listed in the table, except for depression symptoms, which was entered in the mediation analysis.

d Region: US South/Southeast versus Other US Regions.

* p < .05;

** p < .01

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