Table 1.
Sample Characteristics, Correlations, and Adjusted Relationships of Time 1 (T1) Predictors with ART adherence at Time 3a
Sample characteristics (n=965) |
Correlation with internalized HIV stigmab | Correlation with depression symptoms at T3b | Without adjustment for ART adherence at T1c (n=914) | With adjustment for ART adherence at T1c (n=914) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 Predictors | Mean (SD) or N (%) |
AOR | 95% CI | AOR | 95% CI | ||
Internalized HIV stigma | 1.76 (0.62) | - | .33** | 0.61 | 0.45–0.82 | 0.64 | 0.47–0.87 |
Age (years) | 49.11 (8.51) | −.08* | .01 | 1.02 | 1.00–1.05 | 1.02 | 0.99–1.04 |
Time on ART (years) | 11.07 (6.38) | −.18** | −.10** | 0.96 | 0.92–0.99 | 0.96 | 0.93–1.00 |
Use of illicit drugs | 220 (22.8%) | .06 | .20** | 0.51 | 0.34–0.77 | 0.60 | 0.39–0.93 |
Non-Hispanic White | 114 (11.8%) | .01 | .05 | 4.13 | 1.73–9.88 | 3.66 | 1.51–8.85 |
Household Income >$12,000 | 450 (46.6%) | −.05 | −.19** | 0.89 | 0.60–1.32 | 0.85 | 0.57–1.27 |
More than high school education | 329 (34.1%) | −.02 | −.11** | 0.89 | 0.59–1.34 | 0.92 | 0.60–1.39 |
Region US Southd | 140 (14.5%) | .21** | .10** | 1.23 | 0.64–2.35 | 1.19 | 0.61–2.32 |
ART adherence at T1 (optimal) | 831 (86.1%) | −.06 | −.08** | − | - | 4.01 | 2.61–6.30 |
Depression symptoms at T1 | 12.26 (11.30) | .37** | - | - | - | - | - |
a Of the 965 participants, only one participant did not have data on internalized stigma, and 50 did not have data on ART adherence at T3. Participants with data on ART adherence at T3 who were included in the analysis (n=914) did not differ from 50 participants who did not have data on ART adherence at T3 on internalized stigma or any of the covariates (all p values > .19) and listwise deletion was used in analyses.
b Associations with binary variables are also reported as correlation coefficients instead of t-tests in order to simplify presentation. Note that a t test and a correlation test yield the same p value.
c Estimates adjusted for all other T1 predictors listed in the table, except for depression symptoms, which was entered in the mediation analysis.
d Region: US South/Southeast versus Other US Regions.
* p < .05;
** p < .01