Table 3.
Characteristics of IAT overall and by country
| Parameter | Brazil (n=89) | France (n=65) | Italy (n=68) | Russia (n=74) | Spain (n=89) | Total (N=385) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type of therapy, n (%) | ||||||
| Monotherapy | 48 (53.9) | 25 (38.5) | 34 (50.0) | 26 (35.1) | 54 (60.7) | 187 (48.6) |
| Combination therapy | 41 (46.1) | 40 (61.5) | 34 (50.0) | 48 (64.9) | 35 (39.3) | 198 (51.4) |
| IAT duration, days, mean (SD) | ||||||
| All IAT | 8.6 (8.1) | 14.0 (45.9) | 11.0 (7.8) | 10.8 (7.4) | 11.8 (9.1) | 11.1 (20.2) |
| Monotherapy | 8.5 (8.9) | 5.7 (3.8) | 10.7 (7.4) | 6.9 (4.1) | 11.6 (9.0) | 9.2 (7.9) |
| Combination therapy | 8.6 (7.0) | 19.2 (58.1) | 11.3 (8.2) | 13.0 (8.0) | 12.0 (9.3) | 12.8 (27.1) |
| Most common IAT given as a monotherapy or as a part of a combination therapy (≥5% of the total population), n (%) | ||||||
| Piperacillin–tazobactam | 11 (12.4) | 32 (49.2) | 25 (36.8) | 0 (0.0) | 42 (47.2) | 110 (28.6) |
| Metronidazole | 23 (25.8) | 15 (23.1) | 19 (27.9) | 41 (55.4) | 12 (13.5) | 110 (28.6) |
| Ceftriaxone | 6 (6.7) | 11 (16.9) | 4 (5.9) | 38 (51.4) | 2 (2.2) | 61 (15.8) |
| Ciprofloxacin | 23 (25.8) | 5 (7.7) | 7 (10.3) | 2 (2.7) | 9 (10.1) | 46 (11.9) |
| Amikacin | 0 (0.0) | 15 (23.1) | 0 (0.0) | 16 (21.6) | 6 (6.7) | 37 (9.6) |
| Meropenem | 9 (10.1) | 1 (1.5) | 11 (16.2) | 1 (1.4) | 12 (13.5) | 34 (8.8) |
| Ampicillin + sulbactam | 22 (24.7) | 0 (0.0) | 8 (11.8) | 3 (4.1) | 0 (0.0) | 33 (8.6) |
| Vancomycin | 10 (11.2) | 7 (10.8) | 5 (7.4) | 0 (0.0) | 8 (9.0) | 30 (7.8) |
| Cefotaxime | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (4.4) | 14 (18.9) | 5 (5.6) | 22 (5.7) |
| Imipenem | 1 (1.1) | 8 (12.3) | 5 (7.4) | 0 (0.0) | 6 (6.7) | 20 (5.2) |
| Reason for IAT discontinuation, n (%)a | ||||||
| Cure | 20 (22.7) | 29 (44.6) | 27 (40.3) | 24 (32.4) | 26 (29.2) | 126 (32.9) |
| Perceived clinical failure | 49 (55.7) | 9 (13.8) | 15 (22.4) | 17 (23.0) | 19 (21.3) | 109 (28.5) |
| De-escalation | 4 (4.5) | 17 (26.2) | 14 (20.9) | 5 (6.8) | 32 (36.0) | 72 (18.8) |
| Death | 14 (15.9) | 11 (16.9) | 8 (11.9) | 19 (25.7) | 5 (5.6) | 57 (14.9) |
| Isolation of a resistant pathogen | 4 (4.5) | 3 (4.6) | 11 (16.4) | 2 (2.7) | 15 (16.9) | 35 (9.1) |
| Secondary infection requiring regimen change | 6 (6.8) | 3 (4.6) | 3 (4.5) | 12 (16.2) | 4 (4.5) | 28 (7.3) |
| Switch to oral therapy | 0 (0.0) | 2 (3.1) | 4 (6.0) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (5.6) | 11 (2.9) |
| Adverse event | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.5) | 2 (3.0) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (3.4) | 6 (1.6) |
Note:
a
Patient might report more than one reason for stopping IAT.
Abbreviation: IAT, initial antibiotic treatment.