Table 1.

Baseline characteristics and laboratory parameters.

Variable	Total population (n = 524)	Females (n = 216)	Males (n = 308)	P-value
Demographic characteristics
Age, y	50.0 ± 12.4	50.7 ± 11.9	49.6 ± 12.8	0.313
Height, cm	170 ± 10	160 ± 10	170 ± 10	<0.001*
Weight, kg	74.8 ± 13.4	68.2 ± 11.4	79.4 ± 12.9	<0.001*
Body mass index, kg/m2	27.3 ± 4.2	27.5 ± 4.8	27.2 ± 3.8	0.445
Lifestyle characteristicsa, n (%)
Nonsmokers	393 (84.0)	195 (41.5)	198 (42.5)	<0.001*
Smokers	75 (16.0)	5 (1.1)	70 (15.0)
No alcohol consumption	330 (70.5)	184 (39.3)	146 (31.2)	<0.001*
Alcohol consumption present	138 (29.5)	16 (3.4)	122 (26.1)
No exercise	31 (6.6)	17 (3.6)	14 (3.0)	0.159
Exercise present	437 (93.4)	183 (39.1)	254 (54.3)
Vegetarian diet	209 (4.7)	88 (18.8)	121 (25.9)	0.805
Nonvegetarian diet	259 (55.3)	112 (23.9)	147 (31.4)
Laboratory parameters
Alkaline phosphatase, mg/dL	68.6 ± 23.2	71.5 ± 27.8	66.5 ± 19.1	0.015*
Total cholesterol, mg/dL	179.3 ± 41.5	180.3 ± 39.9	178.5 ± 42.6	0.630
HDL, mg/dL	41.6 ± 9.3	45.5 ± 10.0	38.8 ± 7.8	<0.001*
LDL, mg/dL	116.9 ± 37.0	114.8 ± 34.9	118.3 ± 38.5	0.297
VLDL, mg/dL	29.8 ± 19.5	25.6 ± 12.8	32.8 ± 22.6	<0.001*
Triglycerides, mg/dL	146.9 ± 83.3	128.0 ± 63.9	160.1 ± 92.4	<0.001*
Uric acid, mg/dL	5.5 ± 1.3	4.8 ± 1.2	5.9 ± 1.2	<0.001*
Glucose (Fasting), mg/dL	108.6 ± 34.8	105.6 ± 35.1	110.8 ± 34.5	0.097
Glycosylated Hemoglobin, %	6.0 ± 1.2	5.9 ± 1.05	6.0 ± 1.2	0.109
Bicarbonate, mg/dL	25.3 ± 2.3	25.1 ± 2.4	25.5 ± 2.2	0.039*
Phosphorus, mg/dL	3.5 ± 0.5	3.7 ± 0.5	3.5 ± 0.5	<0.001*
Calcium, mg/dL	9.3 ± 0.4	9.3 ± 0.38	9.3 ± 0.36	0.731
25 Hydroxy-vitamin D, ng/dL	23.6 ± 16.8	25 ± 13.7b	22.8 ± 18.1c	0.397

Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation or number (%).

HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; VLDL, very low-density lipoprotein.

^an = 468. ^bn = 65. ^cn = 131. *P < 0.05.