Fig. 1.

Antenna/gel placement and gross appearance of microwave ablations without and with poloxamer 407 hydrodissection of non-target structures in a swine model. Antenna emission points indicated by arrows, gel barrier bracketed on CT images. Ablation of peripheral liver (A) demonstrates extension into diaphragm (A′) without gel, while gel-protected liver ablation (B) does not extend into diaphragm on in situ gross photograph. Ablation of anterior kidney (C) demonstrates extension into bowel (C′) without gel. No bowel damage was noted adjacent to the gel-protected kidney ablation (D)