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. 2019 Jan 14;10(1):68–81. doi: 10.1080/21505594.2018.1558693

Figure 2.

Figure 2.

Ata-mediated adhesion to human endothelial or epithelial. (a) Representative fluorescence microscopy of infected endothelial and epithelial cells. Human cells (HDMEC or A549) were incubated with A. baumannii (MOI 200) for 1 h. Non-adherent bacteria were flushed and samples were fixed with paraformaldehyde. DNA was stained with DAPI (blue) and the cytoskeleton was stained with TRITC-phalloidin (red). Arrows indicate adherent bacteria. (b) Scanning electron microscopy of HUVEC-associated A. baumannii. HUVECs were incubated with A. baumannii (MOI 200) for 1 h. Non adherent bacteria were flushed, infected cells were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde and prepared for scanning electron microscopy. (c) Ata-dependent adhesion of A. baumannii to human endothelial and epithelial host cells. Endothelial (HUVEC, HMEC-1, HDMEC) and epithelial cells (A549, HeLa, HepG-2) were incubated with A. baumannii (MOI 200) for 1 h. After incubation, planktonic bacteria were rinsed and infected cells were harvested by tryptic digestion. Samples were used for analyzing adherent bacteria by amplifying human and A. baumannii specific genes (hmbs and rpoB) in a qRT-PCR approach. CT-values, obtained from qRT-PCR, were used for calculation of bacterial adhesion. Values are means ± SEM of five independent experiments; *, p < 0.05.