Table 1.
Summary of studies performed to evaluate the efficacy of IgY antibodies against respiratory pathogens.
| Pathogen/antigen | in vitro/in vivo study | Human/animal model | Mode of IgY delivery | Effects of IgY | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Influenza Virus | |||||
| H1N1 | in vivo | Mice | intranasal once a day for 4 days post-infection or 2 h prior to infection and once a day for four days post-infection | Protection against the virus by reducing the infectious titer of the virus in the lung comparable to that of the neuraminidase inhibitor | 95 |
| influenza B virus | in vivo | Mice | intranasal 2h before infection or 2, 26, 50, and 74 h post-infection. | reducing viral replication in the lungs | 43 |
| H1N1, H3N2, and H5N1 | in vivo | Mice | Intranasal administration of H5N1-specific IgYs 1 hour prior to infection Intranasal before and after lethal infection with H5N1 and H5N2 |
100% protection against lethal challenge with H5N1and protect against A/Puerto Rico/8/34 H1N1 Complete recover of the infection |
44 |
| H5N1, H1N1 | in vivo | Mice | Intranasal before or after lethal infection | Prevent the infection or significantly reduce viral replication resulting in complete recovery from the disease in mice | 96 |
| A/H1N1 2009 | In vitro | Inhibit the cytopathological effects of H1N1 | 97 | ||
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | |||||
| In vitro | IgY opsonization augments the PMN-mediated respiratory burst and subsequent bacterial elimination | 66 | |||
| In vitro | Bind to the P. aeruginosa protein flagellin reducing the adherence of the bacteria to host cells of CF patients | 110 | |||
| in vivo | Mice | Intranasal 1hour before or 6 hours after infection | Significant reduction of bacterial load and inflammatory cytokines | 18 | |
| in vivo | human | Oral administration for more than 14 years | Decrease or prevent colonization | 87,104,111 | |
| Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) | In vitro | IgY antibody was able to neutralize the SARS coronavirus | 80 | ||
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) | In vitro | Specific IgY against TB increased starting 2 weeks after first immunization and persist 200 days after last immunization | 120 | ||
| Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) | In vitro | Purified IgY preparations, obtained from hens immunized with BRSV, neutralized BRSV in vitro | 125 |