Table 2.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of the study subjects.
| Controls (N=367) | Cases (N=334) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal age, years | 29(28,32) | 29(27,32) | 0.672∗ |
| Gestational age at sampling, weeks | 25.11±2.724 | 25.35±2.948 | 0.458∗∗ |
| Pre-pregnancy BMI | 20.55(19.14,22.64) | 22.31(20.29,24.14) | <0.001 ∗ |
| Weekly BMI growtha | 0.114±0.054 | 0.131±0.056 | <0.001 ∗∗ |
| SBPb | 111±10.30 | 116±11.12 | <0.001 ∗∗ |
| DBPb | 70±8.38 | 74±8.09 | <0.001 ∗∗ |
| Parity | |||
| 0 | 230(62.7%) | 216(64.7%) | 0.312∗∗∗ |
| 1 | 123(33.5%) | 93(27.8%) | |
| 2 | 5(1.4%) | 7(2.1%) | |
| Family history of diabetesc | |||
| Yes | 62(17.4%) | 94(29.3%) | <0.001 ∗∗∗ |
| No | 295(82.6%) | 227(70.7%) |
∗ The Wilcoxon rank sum test was used due to a nonnormal distribution of the tested characteristics, and data are presented as medians and quartiles. ∗∗ Student's t-test was used due to a normal distribution of the tested characteristics, and data are presented as the mean and SDs. ∗∗∗ A Chi-square test was used to analyse data presented as a ratio. a BMI measured on the morning of the oral glucose tolerance test minus the prepregnancy BMI and then divided by the gestational age (weeks) was defined as “Weekly BMI growth”; b SBP (systolic blood pressure) and DBP (diastolic blood pressure) were the blood pressures measured on the morning of the oral glucose tolerance test. cRelatives covered grandfather, grandmother, maternal grandfather, maternal grandmother, father, mother, brother, sister, and brother and sister of father and mother.