Table 1. Items included in the ERS-ACA scale with factor loadings.

	Factor 1 (avoidance strategies)	Factor 2 (approach strategies)	Factor 3 (self-development strategies)	Factor 4 (escapism strategies)
1. …it creates a safe space for me	0.43
2. …I am completely ‘in the zone’ and only focus on the activity itself	0.45
3. …it helps me to come to terms with my own emotions		0.55
4. …it redirects my attention so I forget unwanted thoughts and feelings	0.63
5. …I am reassured of my own abilities			0.61
6. …it helps me to think rationally about things in my life		0.62
7. …I can block out any unwanted thoughts or feelings	0.67
8. …it reaffirms my identity			0.53
9. …I can contemplate what is going on in my life with a clear mind		0.67
10. …I can shake off any anxieties in my life	0.56
11. …it helps me to vent negative feelings such as anger		0.48
12. …it makes me feel detached from negative things in my life	0.67
13. …it helps me to disengage from things that are bothering me	0.69
14. …I feel I am in my own little bubble, away from ordinary worries	0.59
15. …it helps me to put worries or problems I have in perspective		0.68
16. …I feel more capable of tackling challenges		0.47
17. …I feel more confident in myself			0.75
18. …I worry more about things in my life	0.44
19. …it helps me to understand my own feelings on things that are on my mind		0.73
20. …I imagine myself in another place				0.52
21. …it boosts my self-esteem			0.75
22. …I am in my own world				0.50
23. …it gives me a sense of purpose			0.60
24. …it helps me forget about my worries	0.68
25. …it helps me refocus on what matter in my life		0.61
26. …I actively plan about how I can solve worries or problems in my life		0.61
27. …it helps me to channel feelings of sadness and misery		0.54
28. …it makes me feel cleansed of negative feelings		0.47
29. …It makes me feel stronger in myself			0.57
30. …it makes me reflect on my emotions		0.70
31. …I conjure up pleasant visual images or daydreams in my mind				0.45