Fig 3. Adapting the current protocol for use with larger urine volumes.

A) Schematic showing parallel extraction methods for use with 2.5ml and 25ml of urine. A more detailed schematic is presented in S5 Appendix and detailed protocols in S2–S4 Appendices. B) Use of larger volumes leads to a linear improvement in nucleic acid recovery as assessed by qRTPCR cycle threshold (Ct) values for human actin.