| Fentanyl |
Narcotic Analgesic |
25–50 mcg IV, repeat as necessary titrated to desired sedation effect |
7 hours |
Intraprocedural analgesia and sedation |
| Midazolam |
Short-acting Benzodiazepine |
0.5–1 ml IV, repeat as necessary titrated to desired sedation effect |
Approximately 3 hours |
Intraprocedural anxiolysis and sedation |
| Diphenhydramine |
Antihistamine |
25–50 mg IV or PO; 50 mg in 10ml saline SQ |
1–4 hours |
Supplemental sedation, allergy pre-medication; alternate form of local anesthesia |
| Lorazepam |
Oral Benzodiazepine |
0.5–1 mg PO |
2 hours when taken orally |
Oral pre-procedural sedation |
| Oxycodone |
Oral Narcotic Analgesic |
5–10 mg PO |
4.5 hours |
Oral pre-procedure analgesia |
| Cefazolin |
First Generation Cephalosporin |
1 g IV |
1.8 hours |
Peri-procedural antibiotic prophylaxis |
| Aspirin |
Irreversible COX Inhibitor |
81–325 mg PO daily |
Approximately 3 hours |
Platelet aggregation inhibition |
| Clopidogrel |
Selective Anti-platelet drug |
300 mg PO loading dose; 75 mg PO daily |
8 hours |
Platelet aggregation inhibition |
| Heparin |
Anticoagulant |
80 units/kg IV bolus |
Approximately 1 hour |
Intraprocedural anticoagulation |
| Protamine |
Heparin Binder |
1–1.5 mg/100 units of heparin IV. Not to exceed 50mg. |
Approximately 5 minutes |
Heparin reversal |
| Bivalirudin |
Naturally Occurring Thrombin Inhibitor |
0.75 mg/kg IV bolus, and then immediately 1.75 mg/kg/hr IV infusion for duration of procedure |
25 minutes, renal function dependent |
Heparin substitute |
| Argatroban |
Synthetic Direct Thrombin Inhibitor |
2 mcg/kg/min IV continuous infusion over 1–3 hours until steady-state aPTT is 1.5–3 times initial baseline value |
Approximately 45 minutes |
Heparin substitute |
| Alteplase |
Purified and glycosylated tPa |
2 mg IA bolus, repeat as necessary |
5 minutes |
Thrombolysis |
| Abciximab |
Monoclonal Antibody (G2) IIb/IIIa Inhibitor |
0.25 mg/kg IV bolus over at least 1 minute, THEN 0.125 mcg/kg/min IV continuous infusion terminating 1 hour post-procedure; not to exceed 10 mcg/min |
30 minutes in plasma; effect can last for 10 days |
Dethtombosis |
| Nitroglycerin |
Vasodilator |
50–100 mcg IA, repeat as needed. |
3 minutes |
Relieve arteriospasm |
| Verapamil |
Calcium Channel Blocker |
2.5 mg IA during radial or tibial arterial access |
2.8–7.4 hours |
Prevent arteriospasm |
| Thrombin |
Coagulation Factor II |
200–1000 IU into pseudoaneurysm in 0.1 ml aliquots |
1 minute |
Thrombosis of arterial pseudoaneurysm |
| Naloxone |
Opioid Antagonist |
0.4–2 mg IV or IM; repeat q2–3 min PRN; not to exceed 10 mg (0.01 mg/kg) |
1.24 hours |
Narcotic reversal |
| Flumazenil |
Benzodiazepine Receptor Antagonist |
0.2 mg IV over 15 second. May repeat at 1 minute intervals; not to exceed 1mg total |
40–80 minutes |
Benzodiazepine reversal |
