Fig. 1.

Cell viability and cell apoptosis in chondrocytes treated with different concentrations of H₂O₂. a Normal chondrocytes (CK) were treated with different concentrations of H₂O₂ (0.1 mM, 0.3 mM, and 0.5 mM) for 30 min. Cell viability was detected by CCK-8. b Results of cell apoptosis in different groups. c Normal chondrocytes (CK) were treated with different concentrations of H₂O₂ (0.1 mM, 0.3 mM, and 0.5 mM) for 30 min. Normal chondrocytes cultured in DMEM for 30 min were used as a negative control. FITC annexin V/PI staining and flow cytometry assays were used to detect cell apoptosis. Results are presented as means ± standard deviation of three independent experiments. Untreated chondrocytes were used as control and considered 100% viable. Asterisk indicates P < 0.05, double asterisks indicate P < 0.01 versus normal control