Table 4.

Efficacy of ceftazidime/avibactam for treatment of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae infections.

Reference	Study place, year	Study design	Patients, number	Infection foci	Organism(s)/β-lactamase types	Antibiotic(s)	Clinical outcomes	Remarks
van Duin et al., 2018	United States, 8 sites, 2011–2015	Prospective	137	BSI (n = 63; 46%) and pneumonia (n = 30, 22%)	97% (133/137) were K. pneumoniae	CAZ/AVI (n = 38) vs. colistin (n = 99)	Adjusted all-cause mortality was significantly lower in the CAZ/AVI group (9% vs. 32%, P = 0.001)	Prospective, observational study on the use of CAZ/AVI compared to colistin specifically for infections due to CRE, including 30 (22%) patients with pneumonia
Castón et al., 2017	Spain, Israel, multicenter, 2012–2016	Retrospective	31, all with hematologic malignancy	Primary BSI (n = 14, 45.2%)	80.6% (25/31) were K. pneumoniae	CAZ/AVI (n = 8) vs. others (n = 23)	14-day clinical cure rate was higher in the CAZ/AVI group (85.7% [6/8] vs. 34.8% [8/23], P = 0.031)	Small case numbers; no difference in crude mortality
Shields et al., 2017b	United States, single site, 2009-2017	Retrospective	109	Secondary bacteremia resulted from abdominal (46%, 50/109)	97% (106/109) of K. pneumoniae harbored blaKPC	CAZ/AVI (n = 13) vs. others (n = 96)	CAZ/AVI group had higher clinical success rates (85% [11/13] vs. 40.6% [39/96], P = 0.003)	Small case numbers with CAZ/AVI treatment; bias in selection of therapy

CAZ/AVI, ceftazidime/avibactam; BSI, bloodstream infection.