Table 3.
Comparison of individuals with insomnia and controls on tasks of working memory.
| Author (year) | n Insomnia; controls | Task | Outcome | Group difference | Group differences TST | Group difference SEI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bonnet and Arand, 1995 | 10; 10 | Memory and search task | Correct responses | p < 0.05 | p < 0.05 | p < 0.05 |
| Cellini et al., 2014 | 13; 13 | N-back memory task | Accuracy | p < 0.05 | p < 0.05 | p < 0.05 |
| Number of errors | p < 0.05 | |||||
| Reaction times | X | |||||
| Chen et al., 2016 | 21;20 | Nine box maze test-spatial working memory | Number of errors | p < 0.05 | n/a | n/a |
| Nine box maze test-object working memory | Number of errors | X | ||||
| Fortier-Brochu and Morin, 2014 | 25; 16 | Digit span backward | Number of recalled | X | p < 0.05 | p < 0.05 |
| Haimov et al., 2008 | 35; 64 | Digit span backward | Number of recalled | p < 0.05 | n/a | p < 0.05 |
| Spatial span backward | Number of recalled | p < 0.05 | ||||
| Guo et al., 2017 | 40;48 | Montreal cognitive assessment battery-attention, concentration, and working memory* | Accuracy | X | n/a | n/a |
| Joo et al., 2013 | 27; 27 | Digit span backward | Number of recalled | p < 0.05 | p < 0.05 | p < 0.05 |
| Khassawneh et al., 2018 | 35;54 | Spatial working memory test | Number of errors | X | p < 0.05 | X |
| Reaction times | X | |||||
| Strategy | X | |||||
| Lovato et al., 2013 | 49; 49 | Double span backward | Number of recalled | p < 0.05 | n/a | n/a |
| Noh et al., 2012 | 20; 20 | Digit span backward | Number of recalled | p < 0.05 | X | X |
| Corsi block test backward | Number of recalled | p < 0.05 | ||||
| Randazzo et al., 2000 | 35; 35 | Digit span backward | Number of recalled | X | n/a | n/a |
| Spatial span backward | Number of recalled | p < 0.05 | ||||
| Letter number sequencing test | Correct units in a string | p < 0.05 | ||||
| Rosa and Bonnet, 2000 | 121; 56 | Memory and search task | Correct responses | X | X | X |
| Shekleton et al., 2014 | 76; 20 | N-back memory task | Reaction times | X | n/a | n/a |
| Siversten et al., 2013 | 30; 91 | Letter number sequencing test | Correct units in a string | X | n/a | n/a |
| Son et al., 2018 | 21;26 | Two-back memory task | Reaction times | X | p < 0.05 | p < 0.05 |
| Accuracy | X | |||||
| Varkevisser et al., 2007 | 39; 20 | Two-back memory task | Reaction times | X | n/a | n/a |
| Accuracy | X | |||||
| Vignola et al., 2000 | 20; 20 | Digit span backward | Number of recalled | p < 0.05 | X | X |
Significant differences between groups are shown as p < 0.05. No group differences are shown as X.