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. 2019 Jan 30;9:10. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00010

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Copyright © 2019 Luo, Tan, Yu, Lin, Hou, Mao, Liu, Wang and Sun.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The frequency of Mtb-specific CD4⁺ T cells in PB and PF. PBMCs and PFMCs separated from plTB and non-plTB patients were stimulated with ESAT-6 and CFP-10 for 24 h. (A) Representative FACS plots showing the expression of TNF-α and IFN-γ in CD4⁺ cells in plTB patients. Individual 1 represents a high background patient and individual 2 represents a low background patient. The percentages of TNF-α⁺ and IFN-γ⁺ cells in CD4⁺ cells are shown. Horizontal lines indicate the median. (B) Representative FACS plots showing the expression of TNF-α and IFN-γ in CD4⁺ cells in non-plTB patients. The percentages of TNF-α⁺ and IFN-γ⁺ cells in CD4⁺ cells are shown. Horizontal lines indicate the median. ^***P < 0.001; ns, no significance (Mann–Whitney U-test). PB, peripheral blood; PF, pleural fluid; plTB, pleural tuberculosis; Unsti, unstimulation; ESAT-6, early secreted antigenic target 6; CFP-10, culture filtrate protein 10.