Table 2.
Modern population samples used in this study.
| Population/region | Data set 1 ([No.] = reference) | Data set 2 ([No.] = reference) | Remark (M = Martin’s number) | Repository |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aeta Negrito/Philippines | H.M. (n = 11) | H.M. (n = 11) | — | MNHN |
| Andaman Islands | 52 | H.M. (n = 5) | M9, 51 by H.M. (n = 22) | BNHM, LCHES |
| Aborigines/Australia | 71 | H.M. (n = 21) | — | BNHM |
| Bunun/Taiwan | 54 | H.M. (n = 16) | M45, 48, 51, 55 by H.M. (n = 22) | NTU |
| Cambodia | H.M. (n = 12) | H.M. (n = 12) | — | MNHN |
| Celebes Island/Indonesia | 53 | 107 | M17, 45, 48, 51 by H.M. (n = 6) | BNHM |
| Hainan Island/China | 52 | H.M. (n = 24) | M48, 51, 55 by H.M. (n = 24) | NTU |
| Hong Kong/China | H.M. (n = 7) | H.M. (n = 7) | — | LCHES |
| Japan | 72 | 107 | — | — |
| Java Island/Indonesia | 53 | 107 | M17, 45, 48, 51 by H.M. (n = 20) | BNHM, LCHES |
| Laos | 112 | H.M. (n = 10) | — | MNHN |
| Loyalty Islands | H.M. (n = 17) | H.M. (n = 18) | — | MNHN |
| Melanesia | 71 | 107 | Fiji, Tonga; New Hebrides; New Guinea | — |
| Myanmar | 53 | 107 | M17, 45, 48, 51 by H.M. (n = 20) | BNHM |
| New Britain Island | H.M. (n = 20) | H.M. (n = 19) | — | LCHES |
| Tolai/New Guinea | 52 | H.M. (n = 26) | M9,48,51 by H.M. (n = 20) | USYD, LCHES |
| Nicobar Islands | H.M. (n = 13) | H.M. (n = 9) | — | LCHES |
| Northern China 1 | 71 | 107 | Jiling Province | — |
| Northern China 2 | 71 | 107 | Manchuria Province | — |
| Philippines | 108 | H.M. (n = 8) | — | NMP |
| Seman/Malaysia | H.M. (n = 1) | H.M. (n = 1) | BNHM | |
| South Moluccas Islands/Indonesia | 53 | 107 | M17, 45, 48, 51 by H.M. (n = 4) | BNHM |
| Sumatra Island/Indonesia | 53 | 107 | M17, 45, 48, 51 by H.M. (n = 8) | BNHM, LCHES |
| Thai | 109 | 107 | — | — |
| Veddah/Sri Lanka | H.M. (n = 2) | H.M. (n = 2) | — | LCHES |
| Vietnam | H.M. (n = 27) | H.M. (n = 27) | — | MNHN |
| Okhotsk/Japan | 110 | 110 | Between ca. 1600 BP and 1000 BP in Hokkaido, Japan | — |
| Asian Inuits, Aleut, Buryat, Chukchi, Mongol, Nanay, Negidal, Nivkh, Oroch, Troitskoe, Ulch, Yakut, Yukagir (Russia) | 111 | 111 | — |
Abbreviations (as in footnote of Table 1): n, sample size; Data set 1: M1, maximum cranial length; M8, maximum cranial breadth; M9, minimum frontal breadth; M17, basion-bregma height; M45, bi-zygomatic breadth; M48, upper facial height; M51, orbital breadth; M52, orbital height; M54, nasal breadth; M55, nasal height. Data set 2: M43(1), frontal chord (FC); M43c, frontal subtense (FS), M57, simotic chord (SC); M57a, simotic subtense (SS); M46b, zygomaxillary chord (ZC); M46c, zygomaxillary subtense (ZS). Repositories are listed here only for materials measured by H.M.