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. 2019 Feb 5;9:1415. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-38391-9

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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The Qizhu decoction extracts downregulate the proliferation of primary cancer hepatocytes in DEN-induced HCC. Primary cancer hepatocytes were incubated with QC and QS at concentrations of 5 μg/mL (QC+ and QS+) and 10 μg/mL (QC++ and QS++). (A) A flow cytometry analysis showed that 24 h of incubation with QC and QS decreased the proportions of cells in the G2 and S phases. (B) A western blot analysis showed that cyclin B1 and cyclin D1 expression was downregulated in the cells after 24 h of incubation with QC and QS. (C) A CCK-8 assay indicated that QC and QS significantly reduced cell proliferation; ^#P < 0.001 vs. the control. (D,E) Twenty-four hours of incubation with QC (D) and QS (E) inhibited cell growth, as determined by a colony formation assay; ^#P < 0.001 vs. the control.