Figure 1. Metabolic scheme for nicotine.
(1) 4-hydroxy-4-(3-pyridyl)-butanoid acid, (2) nicotine-N’-oxide, (3) cotinine-N-oxide, (4) nicotine, (5) cotinine, (6) trans-3’-hydroxycotinine, (7) nicotine-N-glucuronide, (8) cotinine-N-glucuronide, and (9) cotinine-3’-O-glucuronide. Adapted from reference (17).