Table III: Contents of FRP-derived microbial phenolic acid metabolites in plasma and perfused brain specimens from HuA and HuB gnotobiotic mice.
We survey the concentration of phenolic acid metabolites in plasma and perfused brain specimens obtained from the HuA and HuB mice, 6 hours after the last treatment of mice with FRP flavanols on day 11. UPLC-QQQ/MS was used to monitor the concentration of 17 FRP-derived microbial phenolic acid metabolites (CA, DHCA, FA, GA, HA, 3-HBA, 3,4-diHBA, 4-HCA, 3-HPPA, 3-HPAA, 4-HPPA, 3,4-diHPAA, 3-HPVA, 4-HPVA, 3,4-diHPVA, VA, and HVA) in plasma (left panel) and perfused brain specimens (right panel) from HuA (n=6) and HuB (n=7) mice. Concentrations of individual FRP-derived microbial phenolic acid metabolites are shown as group mean ± SD values. For each of the phenolic acid metabolites, p-value is calculated by unpaired Mann–Whitney U test comparisons between the two gnotobiotic mouse groups; p-values highlighted in red letters denote significant difference between the two groups.
| Plasma concentration (μM) | Brain concentration (μM) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phenolic Compounds | HuA | HuB | p-value | HuA | HuB | p-value |
| CA | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | ----- | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | ----- |
| DHCA | 0 ± 0 | 0.65 ± 0.42 | 0.0057 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | ----- |
| FA | 0.03 ± 0.01 | 0.02 ± 0.01 | 0.4452 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | ----- |
| GA | 0.32 ± 0.04 | 0.35 ± 0.08 | 0.9452 | 10.4 ± 8.2 | 3.7 ± 1.3 | 0.1014 |
| HA | 0.3 ± 0.2 | 0.2 ± 0.2 | 1 | 0.09 ± 0.08 | 0.06 ± 0.05 | 0.5338 |
| 3-HBA | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | ----- | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | ----- |
| 3,4-diHBA | 0.2 ± 0.2 | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 0.366 | 7.5 ± 1.4 | 3.5 ± 1.3 | 0.0043 |
| 4-HCA | 0.1 ± 0.02 | 0.1 ± 0.02 | 0.2343 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | ----- |
| 3-HPAA | 0.7 ± 0.2 | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 0.9452 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | ----- |
| 3,4-diHPAA | 0.5 ± 0.29 | 0.26 ± 0.12 | 0.2343 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | ----- |
| 3-HPPA | 0.25 ± 0.08 | 0.06 ± 0.05 | 0.0012 | 1.7 ± 2 | 0 ± 0 | 0.0021 |
| 4-HPPA | 0.063 ± 0.07 | 0.057 ± 0.07 | 1 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | ----- |
| 3-HPVA | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | ----- | 0.09 ± 0.1 | 0.12 ± 0.1 | 0.4452 |
| 4-HPVA | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | ----- | 0 ± 0 | 0.05 ± 0 | ----- |
| 3,4-diHPVA | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | ----- | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | ----- |
| HVA | 0.2 ± 0.06 | 0.2 ± 0.09 | 0.8357 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | ----- |
| VA | 0.14 ± 0.06 | 0.2 ± 0.06 | 0.6282 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | ----- |