Table 3.
Associationsa of the mineral scoreb with risk for incident colorectal cancer among older women (n = 35,221); Iowa Women’s Health Study, 1986–2012
| Age- and total energy-adjusted associations | Multivariable-adjusted associationsc | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # cases | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | |
| Mineral score continuous | 1,731 | 1.00 | 0.96–1.02 | 0.98 | 0.97–1.01 |
| Mineral score quintiles (median) | |||||
| 1 (12) | 305 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | ||
| 2 (15) | 350 | 0.97 | 0.85–1.10 | 0.91 | 0.88–1.08 |
| 3 (17) | 358 | 0.85 | 0.70–0.96 | 0.85 | 0.75–0.95 |
| 4 (18) | 338 | 0.87 | 0.75–1.04 | 0.86 | 0.75–0.97 |
| 5 (21) | 380 | 0.77 | 0.70–0.95 | 0.75 | 0.71–0.95 |
| P-trend | 0.001 | 0.001 | |||
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HR, hazards ratio; ref, referent.
From Cox proportional hazards regression.
Mineral score calculated from food and supplemental intakes of calcium, magnesium, manganese, zinc, selenium, potassium, iodine, iron, copper, phosphorus, and sodium as described in the text.
Adjusted for age, height, body mass index, waist-hip ratio, smoking, physical activity, hormone replacement therapy use, education, family history, diabetes, total energy intake, total fat intake, dietary fiber intake, total fruits and vegetables intake, total red and processed meats intake, alcohol, and dietary oxidative balance score (see text).