Table 1.
First author | Year | Study type | Active treatment (s) | Patients treated | Period of treatment | Objectives | Main results |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Simon Talero5 | 2013 | Randomized controlled trial | Albumin ev | 26 (30) | 4 days | Amelioration/resolution of HE | The percentage of patients without hepatic encephalopathy at day 4 did not differ between both groups (albumin: 57.7% vs. saline: 53.3%; P > 0.05). However, significant differences in survival were found at day 90 (albumin: 69.2% vs. saline: 40.0%; P = 0.02). |
Sharma6 | 2017 | Randomized controlled trial | Lactulose + albumin | 60 (60) | 10 days | Amelioration/resolution of HE |
Resolution within 10 days: 75% with lactulose plus albumin 53% in control group (P = 0.03). |
Sharma7 | 2013 | Randomized controlled trial | Lactulose + rifaximin | 63 (57) | Amelioration/resolution of HE | 76% of patients compared with 50.8% had complete reversal of HE (P < 0.004). There was a significant decrease in mortality after treatment with lactulose plus rifaximin vs. lactulose and placebo (23.8% vs. 49.1%, P < 0.05). | |
Rahimi8 | 2014 | Randomized controlled trial | Polyethylene glycol 3350-electrolyte solution (PEG) | 25 (25) | Hospitalization | Amelioration of HE | 21 vs 13 patients had an improvement of 1 or more in HESA score (P < .01). |
Sidhu9 | 2017 | Randomized controlled trial | l-Ornithine l-aspartate (LOLA) | 98 (95) | 5 | Amelioration/resolution of HE | The grade of OHE was significantly lower in the LOLA group (compared to placebo) on days 1–4 but not on day 5. The mean time taken for recovery was lower in the LOLA group compared to the placebo group (1.92 ± 0.93 versus 2.50 ± 1.03 days, P = 0.002; 95% confidence interval −0.852 to −0.202). |
Bajaj10 | 2017 | Randomized controlled trial | Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) | 10 (10) | 30 days | Safety, cognitive improvement | Eight (80%) standard of care participants had a total of 11 SAEs compared to 2 (20%) FMT participants with SAEs (both FMT unrelated; P = 0.02). Five SOC and no FMT participants developed further HE (P = 0.03). Cognition improved in the FMT, but not the SOC, group. |
BCAA, branched chain amino acids; HE, hepatic encephalopathy.