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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2018 Dec 5;20(3):305–321. doi: 10.1080/14656566.2018.1551880

Figure 3. Signaling pathways resulting in burn wound progression.

Figure 3.

Generation of free radical in the burned tissue produces oxidative stress. Triggering of release of pro-inflammatory cytokines leads to infiltration by immune cells. The transcription ATF4 is activated leading to an apoptotic cascade mediated via the mitochondrial pathway. Abbreviations: ATF4 – activating transcription factor 4; P38/MAPK – p38/mitogen activated protein kinase; Bcl-2 – B-cell lymphoma 2; Bax – Bcl-2-associated X protein.